This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.

A Dynamic Method to Analyze Cold-Start First Cycles Engine-Out Emissions at Elevated Cranking Speed Conditions of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Including a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine

Journal Article
03-15-06-0044
ISSN: 1946-3936, e-ISSN: 1946-3944
Published February 11, 2022 by SAE International in United States
A Dynamic Method to Analyze Cold-Start First Cycles Engine-Out
                    Emissions at Elevated Cranking Speed Conditions of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle
                    Including a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
Sector:
Citation: Khameneian, A., K. Irdmousa, B., Dice, P., Shahbakhti, M. et al., "A Dynamic Method to Analyze Cold-Start First Cycles Engine-Out Emissions at Elevated Cranking Speed Conditions of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Including a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine," SAE Int. J. Engines 15(6):807-823, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4271/03-15-06-0044.
Language: English

References

  1. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2014
  2. Davis , S.C. , Williams , S.E. , Boundy , R.G. , and Moore , S. 2016
  3. He , H. and Bandivadekar , A. 2013
  4. AFDC 2010 http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/data/vehicles.html
  5. Council , N.R. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles Washington, DC National Academies Press 2015
  6. Rodriguez , J.F. and Cheng , W.K. Effect of Operation Strategy on First Cycle CO, HC, and PM/PN Emissions in a GDI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 8 3 2015 1098 1106 https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-0887
  7. Heywood , J.B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals London McGraw-Hill 1988
  8. Wiemer , S. , Kubach , H. , and Spicher , U. Investigations on the Start-Up Process of a DISI Engine SAE Technical Paper 2007-01-4012 2007 https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-4012
  9. Fan , Q. , Bian , J. , Lu , H. , Li , L. et al. Effect of the Fuel Injection Strategy on First-Cycle Firing and Combustion Characteristics during Cold Start in a TSDI Gasoline Engine International Journal of Automotive Technology 13 4 2012 523 531
  10. Fan , Q. and Li , L. Transient Characteristics of Cold Start Emissions from a Two-Stage Direct Injection Gasoline Engines Employing the Total Stoichiometric Ratio and Local Rich Mixture Start-Up Strategy SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-1068 2012 https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-01-1068
  11. Xu , Z. , Yi , J. , Wooldridge , S. , Reiche , D. et al. Modeling the Cold Start of the Ford 3.5L V6 EcoBoost Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 2 1 2009 1367 1387 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1493
  12. Kale , V.S. 2014
  13. Hu , J. , Hall , M. , Matthews , R. , Moilanen , P. et al. A Novel Technique for Measuring Cycle-Resolved Cold Start Emissions Applied to a Gasoline Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine SAE Int. J. Adv. & Curr. Prac. in Mobility 2 5 2020 2469 2478 https://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0312
  14. Rodriguez , J.F. and Cheng , W.K. Cycle-by-Cycle Analysis of Cold Crank-Start in a GDI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 2016 1210 1219 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0824
  15. Rodriguez , J.F. and Cheng , W.K. Reduction of Cold-Start Emissions through Valve Timing in a GDI Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 2016 1220 1229 https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-0827
  16. Rodriguez , J.F. and Cheng , W.K. Fuel Carbon Pathway in the First Cranking Cycle of a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine International Journal of Engine Research 17 6 2016 690 701
  17. Yu , S. , Dong , G. , and Li , L. Transient Characteristics of Emissions during Engine Start/Stop Operation Employing a Conventional Gasoline Engine for HEV Application International Journal of Automotive Technology 9 5 2008 543 549
  18. Yu , S. , Dong , G. , Gao , Y. , and Li , L. Transient Characteristics of Combustion and Emissions during Start Up at Higher Cranking Speed in a PFI Engine for HEV Application SAE Technical Paper 2008-01-2420 2008 https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2420
  19. Li , X. and Li , L. A Study on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of GDI Engine for HEV at Quick Start SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2709 2014 https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2709
  20. Pham , A. and Jeftic , M. Characterization of Gaseous Emissions from Blended Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles during High-Power Cold-Starts SAE Technical Paper 2018-01-0428 2018 https://doi.org/10.4271/2018-01-0428
  21. Kawaguchi , B. , Umemoto , K. , Misawa , S. , Hirooka , S. et al. ICE Vehicle Challenge Toward Zero Emissions: Future Technology Harmonization in Electrified Powertrain System SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-2217 2019 https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-2217
  22. Khameneian , A. , Wang , X. , Dice , P. , Shahbakhti , M. et al. A Real-Time Control-Oriented Discrete Nonlinear Model Development for In-Cylinder Air Charge, Residual Gas and Temperature Prediction of a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Using Cylinder, Intake and Exhaust Pressures Control Engineering Practice 119 2022 104978
  23. Khameneian , A. , Wang , X. , Dice , P. , Shahbakhti , M. et al. Model-Based Dynamic In-Cylinder Air Charge, Residual Gas and Temperature Estimation for a GDI Spark Ignition Engine Using Cylinder, Intake and Exhaust Pressures Dynamic Systems and Control Conference 84287 V002T26A002 2020
  24. Wang , X. , Khameneian , A. , Dice , P. , Chen , B. et al. Model-Based Combustion Duration and Ignition Timing Prediction for Combustion Phasing Control of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using In-Cylinder Pressure Sensors International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference Anaheim, CA 59292 V009T12A033 2019
  25. Wang , X. , Khameneian , A. , Dice , P. , Chen , B. et al. Control-Oriented Model-Based Burn Duration and Ignition Timing Prediction with Recursive-Least-Square Adaptation for Closed-Loop Combustion Phasing Control of a Spark Ignition Engine Dynamic Systems and Control Conference Park City, UT 59155 V002T12A004 2019
  26. Khameneian , A. , 2021
  27. Fox , J. , Cheng , W. , and Heywood , J. A Model for Predicting Residual Gas Fraction in Spark-Ignition Engines SAE Technical Paper 931025 1993 https://doi.org/10.4271/931025
  28. Galliot , F. , Cheng , W.K. , Cheng , C.O. , Sztenderowicz , M. et al. In-Cylinder Measurements of Residual Gas Concentration in a Spark Ignition Engine SAE Technical Paper 900485 1990 https://doi.org/10.4271/900485
  29. Subramaniam , M.N. , Kleeberg , H. , Bhattacharyya , A. , Chomic , N. et al. A Multi-Cylinder Airflow & Residual Gas Estimation Tool Applied to a Vehicle Demonstrator SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0169 2010 https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0169

Cited By