Miniature Proportional Temperature Controllers

Miniature proportional + integral + derivative (PID) temperature controllers that would be implemented as hybrid microcircuits have been proposed to satisfy special requirements to minimize size and mass and to maintain g-ray-detector modules at temperatures of 10±0.5 °C. These temperature controller would be significantly smaller and less massive than are commercial PID temperature controllers, and would control temperatures more accurately than do commercial hybrid solid-state on/off-switching thermostats.