Making Ultra-Hydrophobic Textured Silicone-Rubber Surfaces

Silicone-rubber surfaces microscopically textured in such a manner as to render them ultra-hydrophobic have been fabricated by a method in which breath figures are utilized. Originally, “breath figures” signified fog-like patches formed by condensation of microscopic droplets of water from air exhaled onto cooler surfaces. Now, “breath figures” refers more generally to patches formed by condensation, whether from natural breath or artificial sources. The essence of the method is to use a breath figure to form a pattern of microscopic, approximately hemispherical pits (each pit corresponding to a condensed water droplet) on the surface of a layer of polystyrene, then use the pitted polystyrene surface as a template to cast the silicone rubber having a surface pattern of nanometer- or micron-sized pillars corresponding to the pits.