Getting a grip on AWD efficiency

The safety and performance benefits of all-wheel drive are undeniable, but so are the penalties of added weight, friction losses, and complexity. Clever axle disconnects and E-axles are driving future AWD developments.

All-wheel drive is becoming a must-have feature for drivers who face slippery roads and daunting grades in winter. The growing popularity of the technology is fueled by the worldwide boom in B- and C-segment crossover utilities. Globally, AWD production volumes are expected to increase 6% annually through 2020, according to Magna Powertrain Global Production Manager, Ron Frawley. In the north-eastern U.S. and upper Midwest, and in Canada, AWD can penetrate up to 70% of sales volume, depending on vehicle model, while sales may barely reach 15% in regions with more moderate climates and topography.

Along with its all-weather/all-season capability, AWD also offers performance attributes on dry pavement, optimizing the tractive force of four driven wheels rather than two. But with its inherent dynamic and safety benefits come challenges.