Finite-Element Model of Piezoelectric and Thermal Effects

A mathematical model that includes layerwise finite elements has been developed for use in numerical simulation of the coupled electrical, mechanical, and thermal responses of composite plate structures that incorporate piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Typically, the sensors and actuators in these so-called "smart" structures consist mainly of patches or layers of piezoceramic material. These "smart" structures can be used to sense and/or induce stresses, strains, and/or displacements in themselves or in larger structures of which they are parts. In one important class of potential applications that is particularly relevant to the present mathematical model, the piezoelectric actuators would be used to counteract thermal distortions.