Due to a rapid development of air transportation there is a need
for the assessment of real environmental risk related to the
aircraft operation. The emission of carbon monoxide and particulate
matter is still a serious threat~constituting an obstacle in the
development of combustion engines. The applicable regulations
related to the influence of the air transportation on the
environment introduced by EPA (Environmental Protection Agency),
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) contained in JAR
34 (JAA, Joint Aviation Requirements, JAR 34, Aircraft Engine
Emissions), FAR 34 (FAA, Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 34,
Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emission Requirements for Turbine Engine
Powered Airplanes), mostly pertain to the emission of noise and
exhaust gas compounds, NOx in particular. They refer to
jet engines and have stationary test procedures depending on the
engine operating conditions. The actual standards for the aircraft
with the turbine engine emissions assessment are the procedures
included in ICAO, FAR 34 regulations. These procedures are
stationary and they are provided in the airport area. The said
standards do not include aviation piston engines.
Due to the differences in the combustion processes between
piston and jet engines it should be assumed that the toxic
emissions of a piston combustion engine will be higher than those
of a jet engine. A considerable growth in the number of general
aviation class aircraft may contribute to an increase in the
emissions from piston aviation engines, which may pose a threat to
the natural environment. The emission of NOx in the
upper parts of the atmosphere is particularly disadvantageous as it
fosters the greenhouse effect.
The article presents the results of the exhaust gas emissions
research of the small aircraft engine under real operating
conditions and the results of the emissions measurements provided
during the stationary tests in airport area. The paper presents
results of the comparative analysis of the achieved measurements.
The analysis enables us to assess the method of the stationary
emissions measurements of the toxic gases contained in the exhaust
gases of the aviation piston combustion engines.
