As the technology of electric vehicles (EVs) continues to mature, in-wheel motors
(IWMs), as an innovative drivetrain technology, offer significant advantages in
enhancing vehicle performance, simplifying design, and optimizing space
utilization. It is gradually becoming a key direction in the technological
development of EVs. Therefore, this article aims to provide a comprehensive
review of IWM drive techniques and recent developments for automotive
applications. This article first reviews the historical development of IWMs,
followed by an overview of current motor configurations categorized by air-gap
flux direction and topological structure, along with a comparative analysis of
their performance characteristics. Following this, the coupling dynamic effects
between IWMs and overall vehicle dynamics are systematically analyzed,
specifically distinguishing between internal and external vibration excitation
sources. In terms of control strategies for IWM-driven EVs, recent literature is
extensively surveyed across three critical dimensions: noise, vibration, and
harshness (NVH), vehicle stability, and energy economy. Finally, based on the
current state of the art, the review identifies and discusses future trends in
IWM technology aimed at further elevating overall vehicle performance.
Ultimately, this article is intended to serve as a valuable reference guide for
researchers and engineers engaged in the development of IWMs and related EV
technologies.
