Computing Limiting Voltages vs. Temperatures for Ni/Cd Cells

Curves of limiting voltage (V) as a function of temperature (T) for nickel/cadmium cells and batteries can be computed by use of a mathematical cell model based on first principles. Such curves ("V/T curves" for short) are needed as guides to rapid full charging without overcharging. Charge-control techniques based on V/T curves are being developed for Ni/Cd cells aboard spacecraft in low orbits around the Earth. These techniques could also be used on Earth; for example, to control the charging of Ni/Cd batteries in electric vehicles during regenerative braking.