Characterization of the Ultrafine and Black Carbon Emissions from Different Aviation Alternative Fuels

Event
SAE 2015 AeroTech Congress & Exhibition
Authors Abstract
Content
This study reports gaseous and particle (ultrafine and black carbon (BC)) emissions from a turbofan engine core on standard Jet A-1 and three alternative fuels, including 100% hydrothermolysis synthetic kerosene with aromatics (CH-SKA), 50% Hydro-processed Esters and Fatty Acid paraffinic kerosene (HEFA-SPK), and 100% Fischer Tropsch (FT-SPK). Gaseous emissions from this engine for various fuels were similar but significant differences in particle emissions were observed. During the idle condition, it was observed that the non-refractory mass fraction in the emitted particles were higher than during higher engine load condition. This observation is consistent for all test fuels. The 100% CH-SKA fuel was found to have noticeable reductions in BC emissions when compared to Jet A-1 by 28-38% by different BC instruments (and 7% in refractory particle number (PN) emissions) at take-off condition. BC emissions from this fuel were lower than from Jet A-1 by 45-50% (and 25-26% in refractory PN) at idle or cruise condition. The 100% CH-SKA fuel was observed to have a minimum influence on non-refractory PN emissions. A lower volume in naphthalene in the 100% CH-SKA fuel was hypothesized to be one of the factors attributing to the reduced BC emissions when compared to Jet A-1 emissions. For the 50% HEFA-SPK fuel, BC emissions were lower than the BC emissions from Jet A-1 by 58-86% for various engine load conditions. BC emissions from the 100% FT-SPK fuel were lower than from the Jet A-1 by 70-98%. Both the refractory and non-refractory PN emissions from these fuels were lower by comparable magnitude when compared to that from Jet A-1.
Meta TagsDetails
DOI
https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2562
Pages
13
Citation
Chan, T., Chishty, W., Davison, C., and Buote, D., "Characterization of the Ultrafine and Black Carbon Emissions from Different Aviation Alternative Fuels," SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr. 8(3):515-526, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2562.
Additional Details
Publisher
Published
Sep 15, 2015
Product Code
2015-01-2562
Content Type
Journal Article
Language
English