Boosting Algorithms for the Accident Severity Classification
SAE-PP-00390
04/07/2024
- Content
- Background: Road accident severity estimation is a critical aspect of road safety analysis and traffic management. Accurate severity estimation contributes to the formulation of effective road safety policies. Knowledge of the potential consequences of certain behaviors or conditions can contribute to safer driving practices. Identifying patterns of high-severity accidents allows for targeted improvements in terms of overall road safety. Objective: This study focuses on analyzing road accidents by utilizing real data i.e., US road accidents open database called “CRSS”. It employs advanced machine learning models like Boosting algorithms such as LGBM, XGBoost and CatBoost to predict accident severity classification based on various parameters. The study also aims to contribute to road safety by providing predictive insights for stakeholders, functional safety engineering community and policymakers using KABCO classification systems. The article includes sections covering theoretical methodology, data analysis, model development, evaluation, performance metrics and implications for improving road safety measures by comparing the performance of different Boosting algorithms on the CRSS dataset. Results and Conclusions: This study addresses challenges in evaluating performance metrics for different severity classes within unbalanced datasets, emphasizing the impact of dominant classes like Class O on overall accuracy. The investigation reveals the limitations and conservatism associated with balanced data in boosting models, hinting at a potential ceiling in their performance. Comparative analysis of algorithms, including CatBoost, XGBoost, and LGBM, demonstrates CatBoost’s superiority in various metrics, especially in ROC-AUC and PR-AUC for all severity classes. The study introduces novel metrics, including PR-AUC, for the first time in an accident analysis case study. Future work directions involve extending the application of CatBoost and XGBoost to diverse datasets, exploring the capabilities of deep neural networks, refining dataset preparation for accuracy improvement, and creating unified tools for hazard analysis and risk assessment.
- Citation
- Babaev, I., Mozolin, I., and Garikapati, D., "Boosting Algorithms for the Accident Severity Classification," SAE MobilityRxiv™ Preprint, submitted April 7, 2024, https://doi.org/10.47953/SAE-PP-00390.