Algorithm for Optimizing Designs of Diffractive Optics

An algorithm for optimizing the designs of diffractive optics is based on constrained dynamics and the reciprocity of electromagnetic propagation. This algorithm can contribute to realization of the potential of diffractive optics, which offer capabilities greater than those of refractive optics. Because the diffractive-optics design-optimization problem is equivalent to determining the diffractive limit of phase-only propagation compensation by adaptive optics, the algorithm could be used to create control algorithms for adaptive optics. In addition, the mathematical techniques and physical principles used in developing the algorithm could be used in solving the problem of phase retrieval for characterizing wavefronts.