This article presents a survey on active safety control of X-by-wire electric
vehicles. The steer-by-wire (SBW) system, brake-by-wire (BBW) system, and
electric drive system are three critical techniques for X-by-wire electric
vehicles. As to the three systems, the structure comparison and performance
analysis of existing products and prototypes are conducted. Then two kinds of
X-by-wire chassis configuration, i.e., the centralized type and the distributed
type, are introduced. For active safety control, various control models are
summarized, including vehicle dynamics model, single-track model, path tracking
model, and wheel dynamics model. Based on the proposed model, different active
safety control algorithms are introduced involving longitudinal dynamics
control, handling stability control, rollover prevention control, path tracking
control, and active fault-tolerant control. In addition, some data-driven
approaches for active safety control of X-by-wire electric vehicles are
reviewed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between the model-based approach
and the data-driven approach for active safety control is conducted. Finally,
some challenges and prospects for the active safety control of X-by-wire
electric vehicles are discussed and given.
