A Deep Space Network Portable Radio Science Receiver

The Radio Science Receiver (RSR) is an open-loop receiver installed in NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN), which digitally filters and records intermediate-frequency (IF) analog signals. The RSR is an important tool for the Cassini Project, which uses it to measure perturbations of the radio-frequency wave as it travels between the spacecraft and the ground stations, allowing highly detailed study of the composition of the rings, atmosphere, and surface of Saturn and its satellites. The RSR is also used to track and detect the signals for important events in other missions such as the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) entry descent and landing (EDL). Some of these events require extra RSRs or require them to be shipped to non-DSN stations such as the 100-meter Greenbank Telescope (GBT) in West Virginia. Sending and installing an RSR consisting of a large DSN rack to one of these sites is a daunting and expensive task. A smaller, more portable equivalent to the RSR was needed both for these special events and to enhance the existing capability of the DSN. A prototype Portable Radio Science Receiver (PRSR) has been developed that can fit in a standard-size suitcase and uses a laptop PC as its controlling computer. The PRSR chassis is a 2-U steel box with 19-in. (48-cm) rack-mount capability and external connections for power, Ethernet, RS-232 control, 100 MHz reference signal, 1-pulse-per-second reference, and one input port for an IF signal in the range of 0–640 MHz. Inside the PRSR, there is a steel plate that separates the IF digitizer unit from the digital signal-processing board to reduce spurs that may affect the sensitive analog components. This innovation contains firmware that runs on a Xilinx field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and consists of code that down-converts the DSN’s 640-MHz IF spectrum into two channels: a wide bandwidth channel and a narrow bandwidth channel. The wide bandwidth channel can be configured from 160 MHz down to 1.25 MHz with 16 bits of resolution. The narrow channel can be configured from 1.25 MHz down to 10 kHz with 32 bits of resolution.