Results
This SAE Recommended Practice provides performance, sampling, certifying requirements, test procedures, and marking requirements for aftermarket wheels intended for normal highway use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. For aftermarket wheels on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks, or multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J1204. These performance requirements apply only to wheels made of materials included in Tables 1 and 2. For wheels using composite material, refer to SAE J3204. New nomenclature and terms are added to clarify wheel constructions typically not used in OEM applications. The testing procedures and requirements are based on SAE standards listed in the references
This SAE Recommended Practice provides for standardized steel disc wheel radial runout low point marking. This marking is used for match-mounting tires on wheels to minimize assembly radial force variation. It applies to tubeless 15 degree drop center disc wheels for use on class 5, 6, 7, and 8 commercial vehicles
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to serve as a guide for standardization of features, dimensions, and configurations of balance weights for aluminum and steel wheels intended for use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles to assure good installation and retention of the balance weight. This document also provides test procedures and minimum performance requirements for testing balance weight retention
This document proposes methods for the testing and evaluation of aluminum wheel and wheel trim surface finishes for compatibility with various types of tire, wheel and car wash cleaning materials, and other chemicals that might come into contact with these automotive components. It is recognized that each end user of this methodology might seek answers to questions that are unique to his business or situation. Therefore, the procedure is written in a generic sequence that could be strictly followed, repeated, or modified in order to provide the user with the best results. Example decision tree are provided to help the user select a sequence of exposure steps that would best suit his needs, (reference Figures 1, 2). This procedure should not be utilized if the intent is to evaluate the compatibility of wheel finishes to any flammable products, because those chemistries would require special laboratory safety and handling precautions
The SAE Recommended Practice establishes minimum performance requirements and related uniform laboratory test procedures for evaluating lateral (curb) impact collision resistance of all wheels intended for use on passenger cars and light trucks
Case hardening may be defined as a process for hardening a ferrous material in such a manner that the surface layer, known as the case, is substantially harder than the remaining material, known as the core. The process embraces carburizing, nitriding, carbonitriding, cyaniding, induction, and flame hardening. In every instance, chemical composition, mechanical properties, or both are affected by such practice. This testing procedure describes various methods for measuring the depth to which change has been made in either chemical composition or mechanical properties. Each procedure has its own area of application established through proved practice, and no single method is advocated for all purposes. Methods employed for determining the depth of case are either chemical, mechanical, or visual, and the specimens or parts may be subjected to the described test either in the soft or hardened condition. The measured case depth may then be reported as either effective or total case depth
This SAE Standard covers the dimensional and general specifications, including performance requirements, for carbon steel self-drilling tapping screws suitable for use in general applications having point Styles 2, 3, 4, and 5. It is the objective of this document to ensure that carbon steel self-drilling tapping screws, by meeting the mechanical and performance requirements specified, shall drill a hole and form or cut mating threads in materials into which they are driven without deforming their own thread and without breaking during assembly
This SAE Standard was developed to provide a method for indicating the direction of engine rotation and numbering of engine cylinders. The document is intended for use in designing new engines to eliminate the differences which presently exist in industry
This SAE Recommended Practice provides minimum performance requirements and uniform procedures for fatigue testing of wheels intended for normal highway use and temporary use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles. For heavy truck wheels and wheels intended to be used as duals, refer to SAE J267. For wheels used on trailers drawn by passenger cars, light trucks, or multipurpose vehicles, refer to SAE J1204. These minimum performance requirements apply only to wheels made of materials included in Tables 1 to 4. The minimum cycles noted in Tables 1 through 4 are to be used on individual test and a sample of tests conducted, with Weibull Statistics using two parameter, median ranks, 50% confidence level, and 90% reliability, typically noted as B10C50
This test procedure defines a laboratory procedure for generating and evaluating filiform corrosion on painted aluminum wheels and painted aluminum wheel trim. While this test was developed specifically for the testing of painted aluminum wheels and wheel trim it may be applicable to other components. The application owner will need to assess if this test generates filiform similar to that found in the relevant usage to ensure it will provide accurate data for the application
This SAE Recommended Practice contains dimensions and their tolerances concerning disc wheel to hub or drum interface areas for truck and bus applications. Disc wheels designed only for single wheel applications (not dual wheels) for light trucks and special or less common applications are not covered in this document
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for hubs and spoke wheels used on Class 6, 7, and 8 truck/truck-tractor non-powered front axles, powered and non-powered rear axles and trailer axles, for which bearing setting is manually adjusted. Assemblies using spacers to control bearing preload and endplay may differ in geometry and bearing componentry
This SAE Recommended Practice defines a clearance line for establishing dimensional compatibility between drum brakes and wheels with 19.5 inch, 22.5 inch, and 24.5 inch diameter rims. Wheels designed for use with drum brakes may not be suitable for disc brake applications. The lines provided establish the maximum envelope for brakes, including all clearances, and minimum envelope for complete wheels to allow for interchangeability. This document addresses the dimensional characteristics only, and makes no reference to the performance, operational dynamic deflections, or heat dissipation of the system. Valve clearances have not been included in the fitment lines. Bent valves may be required to clear brake drums. Disc brake applications may require additional running clearances beyond those provided by the minimum contour lines. Mounting systems as noted are referenced in SAE J694
This SAE Recommended Practice covers installation and inspection methods for fasteners which are tensioned using Tension Indicating Washers (TIWs) as a means to ensure that adequate tension is developed in mechanically fastened joints. Figure 1 depicts a typical TIW, and Figure 2 depicts a fastener assembly with a TIW before and after tensioning
This report lists approximate hardness conversion values; test methods for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Shore Hardness; and information regarding surface preparation, specimen thickness, effect of curved surfaces, and recommendations for Rockwell surface hardness testing for case hardened parts. The tables in this report give the approximate relationship of Vickers Brinell, Rockwell, and Scleroscope hardness values and corresponding approximate tensile strengths of steels. It is impossible to give exact relationships because of the inevitable influence of size, mass, composition, and method of heat treatment. Where more precise conversions are required, they should be developed specially for each steel composition, heat treatment, and part. The accompanying conversion tables for steel hardness numbers are based on extensive tests on carbon and alloy steels, mostly in the heat treated condition, but have been found to be reliable
This SAE Recommended Practice provides uniform laboratory procedures for fatigue testing of wheels for demountable rims and hubs intended for normal highway use on trucks, buses, truck trailers, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. The hubs included have bolt circle diameters ranging from 165.1 to 335.0 mm (6.500 to 13.189 inches). It is up to each hub and/or wheel for demountable rims manufacturer to determine the appropriate test method, accelerated load factor and cycle life requirements applicable to obtain satisfactory service life for a given application. When deviations from the procedures recommended herein are made, it is the responsibility of the hub and/or wheel for demountable rims developer to modify other parameters as necessary to ensure satisfactory service life for the intended application. It should be noted that this test procedure focuses on fatigue resulting from vehicle loading and cornering forces. It does not consider loads imparted to the hub from braking
Included in this SAE Recommended Practice are complete general and dimensional data for the high and low types of crown nuts recognized as SAE Standard. These nuts are primarily intended for application in automotive and other ground-based motor vehicles and industrial equipment to provide an ornamental or protective closure over end of bolts, studs, or screws
This SAE Information Report is provided as an advisory guide. Individual application discretion is recommended. The content has been presented as accurately as possible, but responsibility for its application lies with the user. The document covers the variables in the torque-tension relationship: friction, materials, temperature, humidity, fastener and mating part finishes, surfaces, and the kind of wrenching employed. Also, described in this document is the torque management required to achieve correct fastener joint tightening. The thread fit of fasteners must be in accordance with Class 2A for external and Class 2B for internal inch threads
Included herein are complete general and dimensional specifications for metric and inch types of spring nuts recognized as SAE standard. These nuts are intended for general use where the engagement of a single thread on the mating screw is considered adequate for the application. It should be noted that spring nuts having other configurations, dimensions, provisions for ground, etc., are available and manufacturers should be consulted
Included herein are the detailed general and dimensional specifications applicable to high hex nuts. All general specifications not shown here shall conform with those applicable to hex thick nuts and hex thick slotted nuts appearing in ASME B18.2.2. High hex nuts are primarily intended for use in automotive and other ground-based vehicles and industrial equipment where a long length of hexagon is required for wrenching purposes
This SAE Information Report summarizes the characteristics of carburized steels and factors involved in controlling hardness, microstructure, and residual stress. Methods of determining case hardenability are reviewed, as well as methods to test for freedom from non-martensitic structures in the carburized case. Factors influencing case hardenability are also reviewed. Methods of predicting case hardenability are included, with examples of calculations for several standard carburizing steels. A bibliography is included in 2.2. The references provide more detailed information on the topics discussed in this document
Included herein are general, dimensional, and performance specifications for those types, styles, and sizes of steel stamped Push-On Spring Nuts recognized as SAE standard. These nuts are intended for general use where the engagement on the mating metal or plastic studs and in some cases screw bolt threads is considered adequate for the fastening joint application. It should be noted that Push-On Spring Nuts having other characteristics and configurations are available and manufacturers should be consulted. For the inch equivalent of this document, see SAE J892
This SAE Standard covers normalized electric-resistance welded, cold-drawn, single-wall, low-carbon steel pressure tubing intended for use as pressure lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, flaring, forming, and brazing. In an effort to standardize within a global marketplace and ensuring that companies can remain competitive in an international market it is the intent to convert to metric tube sizes which will: Lead to one global system Guide users to preferred system Reduce complexity Eliminate inventory duplications
This SAE Standard provides general and dimensional specifications for beaded ends and hose fittings. These connections are intended for general applications in low pressure automotive and hydraulic systems on automotive, industrial, and commercial products. The fittings shown are designed to be used with hoses that are intended to be retained by hose clamps. It is recommended that where step sizes or additional types of fittings are required, they be designed to conform with the specifications of this document insofar as they may apply. The following general specifications shall supplement the dimensional data contained in the tables with respect to all unspecified detail
In 1941, the SAE Iron and Steel Division in collaboration with the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) made a major change in the method of expressing composition ranges for the SAE steels. The plan, as now applied, is based in general on narrower ladle analysis ranges plus certain product (check) analysis allowances on individual samples, in place of the fixed ranges and limits without tolerances formerly provided for carbon and other elements in SAE steels (reference SAE J408). ISTC Division 1 has developed a procedure which allows for the maintenance of the grade list in this SAE Standard. This will involve conducting an industry-wide survey to solicit input. This survey will be conducted at a frequency deemed necessary by the technical committee. Criteria have been established for the addition to or deletion of grades from the grade table. A new grade will be considered if it meets standard SAE grade ranges, has a minimum usage or production of 225 tonnes/year (250 tons/year
Since it is impossible to be all inclusive and cover every aspect of the design/validation process, this document can be used as a basis for preparation of a more comprehensive and detailed plan that reflects the accumulated “lessons learned” at a particular company. The following areas are addressed in this document: 1 Contemporary perspective including common validation issues and flaws. 2 A Robustness validation (RV) process based on SAE J1211 handbook and SAE J2628. 3 Design checklists to aid in such a RV process
In this SAE Recommended Practice, attention will be given to passenger cars and light trucks (through Class III
This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to provide basic information on properties and characteristics of high-strength carbon and alloy steels which have been subjected to special die drawing. This includes both cold drawing with heavier-than-normal drafts and die drawing at elevated temperatures
This SAE Standard prescribes the procedure for making hardenability tests and recording results on shallow and medium hardening steels, but not deep hardening steels that will normally air harden. Included are procedures using the 25 mm (1 in) standard hardenability end-quench specimen for both medium and shallow hardening steels and subsize method for bars less than 32 mm (1-1/4 in) in diameter. Methods for determining case hardenability of carburized steels are given in SAE J1975. Any hardenability test made under other conditions than those given in this document will not be deemed standard and will be subject to agreement between supplier and user. Whenever check tests are made, all laboratories concerned must arrange to use the same alternate procedure with reference to test specimen and method of grinding for hardness testing. For routine testing of the hardenability of successive heats of steel required to have hardenability within certain limits, it is sufficient to designate
This SAE Information Report provides general information for installing and tightening fluid conductors and connectors. Following these guidelines, with the consistent proper use of torque wrenches, tightening procedures, and correct torque levels, will result in diminishing leaks and improving service life by avoiding hose twisting, tube binding, false torque, and improper joint closures. Since many factors influence the pressure at which a hydraulic system will or will not perform satisfactorily, this report should not be used as a “standard” nor a “specification,” and the values shown should not be construed as “guaranteed” minimums, maximums, or absolutes. This document is an information report to help users by gathering available information from the various connector standards and publishing the information in one source for easy retrieval and applied common usage. This SAE Information Report is primarily intended for mobile/stationary industrial equipment applications. Aircraft
This SAE Standard covers stress relieved electric resistance welded flash controlled single wall high strength low alloy steel tubing intended for use in high-pressure hydraulic lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, double flaring,cold forming and brazing. Material produced to this specification is not intended to be used for single flare applications due to the potential leak path caused by the ID weld bead. The grade of material produced to this specification is of micro-alloy content. Nominal reference working pressures for this tubing are listed in ISO 10763 and SAE J1065. Brazed and/or welded tube assembly configurations made to specific geometry and components in association with this material may require qualification testing in accordance with ISO 19879. Cold forming the tube end configurations avoids this systemic testing by not compromising the structural integrity of the tube material. In an effort to standardize within a global
This SAE Standard covers sub-critically annealed or normalized electric resistance welded flash controlled single-wall high strength steel tubing intended for use in hydraulic pressure lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, double flaring, cold forming, welding and brazing. Material produced to this specification is not intended to be used for single flare applications due to the potential leak path caused by the ID weld bead. Nominal reference working pressures for this tubing are listed in ISO 10763 for metric tubing and SAE J1065 for inch tubing. This specification also covers SAE J2613 Type-A tubing. The mechanical properties and performance requirements of standard SAE J2613 and SAE J2613 Type-A are the same. The designated differences of Type-A tubing do not imply that Type-A tubing is in anyway inferior to standard SAE J2613. The Type-A disignation is meant to address the unique manufacturing differences between sub-critically
Drain and Fill plugs used on engines, transmissions, transfer cases and front and rear drive axles for class 5 – 8 vehicles
This SAE Information Report is intended to provide design guidance in the selection of steel tubing and related tube fittings for general hydraulic system applications. The information presented herein is based on tubing products which conform to SAE and ISO standards listed in the reference section. All pressure rating data found in the charts included in this document are calculated per the formula found in ISO 10763 and the main body of this document
This SAE Recommended Practice applies to electrically powered hydraulic or mechanically operated platform devices which permit a person seated in a manual or powered wheelchair to enter or exit a personally licensed vehicle. The minimum performance and durability requirements are specified for satisfactory installation of wheelchair lifting devices in a personally licensed vehicle to be used by a person seated in a wheelchair to be lifted from the ground plane to the vehicle floor level in a reliable and safe manner
This SAE Standard establishes the requirements for a Class B Data Communication Network Interface applicable to all On-and OffRoad Land-Based Vehicles. It defines a minimum set of data communication requirements such that the resulting network is cost effective for simple applications and flexible enough to use in complex applications. Taken in total, the requirements contained in this document specify a data communications network that satisfies the needs of automotive manufacturers. This specification describes two specific implementations of the network, based on media/Physical Layer differences. One Physical Layer is optimized for a data rate of 10.4 Kbps while the other Physical Layer is optimized for a data rate of 41.6 Kbps (see Appendix A for a checklist of application-specific features). The Physical Layer parameters are specified as they would be detected on the network media, not within any particular module or integrated circuit implementation. Although devices may be
The purpose of this SAE Information Report is to specify the requirements necessary to fully define the Serial Data Communication Interface (SCI) used in the reprogramming of emission-related powertrain Electronic Control Units (ECU) in Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) vehicles. It is intended to satisfy new regulations proposed by the federal U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resource Board (CARB) regulatory agencies regarding “pass-thru programming” of all On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) compliant emission-related powertrain devices. These requirements are necessary to provide independent automotive service organizations and after-market scan tool suppliers the ability to reprogram emission-related powertrain ECUs for all manufacturers of automotive vehicles. Specifically, this document details the SCI physical layer and SCI data link layer requirements necessary to establish communications between a diagnostic tester and an ECU. It further specifies additional
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