Optimization of Fusion Deposition Modeling Parameters for PLA Material for Automobile Interior Using Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis

Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques, particularly Fusion Deposition Modeling (FDM), have revolutionized manufacturing by enabling the fabrication of complex geometries with various materials. PLA is mostly used for both under-the-hood components and aumobile interior items including carpets, upholstery and protective wrappings used in vehicle manufacture and transportation. This study focuses on enhancing the efficiency and quality of FDM for PolyLactic Acid (PLA) material through the application of Taguchi-Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) optimization. The research investigates the influence of FDM parameters, including layer height, nozzle temperature, and printing speed, on critical printing characteristics such as dimensional accuracy, surface finish, and mechanical strength. Experimental trials are conducted based on a Taguchi orthogonal array design to systematically explore the parameter space. Grey relational grades are calculated to quantify the relationships between input parameters and printing characteristics, enabling the identification of optimal parameter settings. The Taguchi-GRA approach offers a systematic methodology for multi-response optimization, considering the trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The findings of this study contribute to optimizing FDM processes for PLA material, providing insights into parameter sensitivities and interactions. By identifying optimal parameter combinations, manufacturers can enhance printing efficiency and quality while minimizing production costs. The proposed Taguchi-GRA optimization method presents a robust framework for optimizing FDM parameters, offering manufacturers a valuable tool to improve productivity and quality in additive manufacturing operations with PLA material. This research advances the understanding of FDM processes and provides practical guidance for achieving superior printing outcomes in various industrial applications.