The special risks associated with conducting crash tests on E-Vehicles can be divided into two main categories; 1) thermal activity inside the battery (resulting from electrical or mechanical abuse) may lead to energetic emission of harmful and/or flammable gases, thermal runaway, and potentially fire, and 2) the risk of electrocution. Procedures to ensure protection from all types of risk must be integrated into the entire crash test process. This informational report is intended to provide guidance in this endeavor using current best practices at the time of this publication. As both battery technology and battery management system technology is in a phase of expansion, the contents of this report must then be gaged against current technology of the time, and updated periodically to retain its applicability and usefulness.
The scope of this document is to provide an understanding of the risks and an overview of the techniques established to reduce the likelihood that an event would cause harm to laboratory personnel and/or property. A laboratory considering E-Vehicle crash testing should work closely with the E-Vehicle manufacturer to identify and understand the risks associated with shipping and handling of their vehicle (pre and post-crash), storage of the vehicle (pre and post-crash), battery system diagnostics procedures, and operation of the vehicle.
Rationale
There are special risks associated with the destructive testing of E-Vehicles, such as pure electric vehicles (EV’s), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV’s), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV’s). This information report is intended to inform crash test personnel and facility managers of the risks, and some countermeasures to help mitigate the risks to lab personnel safety, the facility, and the equipment used in the testing. This report is not intended as a stand-alone procedure for E-Vehicle crash test safety, as the technology is still evolving and cannot be represented fully in this context.
The function of the SAE Impact and Rollover Test Procedures Standards Committee is to coordinate test procedures as used, or proposed, by various test conducting organizations. Such organization(s) may be a vehicle manufacturer, NHTSA, a non-manufacturer doing test work under contract, or individuals, who have reason to test or to demonstrate vehicle performance under specific test conditions. The committee is charged with keeping test procedure standards current. This means applicable to newer model vehicles, and in light of advances in test techniques or instrumentation. The committee does not establish or monitor vehicle or component performance levels based on SAE Procedure Standards.
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Electric Vehicle (E-Vehicle) Crash Test Lab Safety Guidelines
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