Guidelines for Evaluating Child Restraint System Interactions with Deploying Airbags

Ground Vehicle Standard
J2189_201102
Stabilized

Published February 24, 2011 by SAE International in United States

Sector:

Automotive

Issuing Committee:

Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Committee

Language: English

Scope

This SAE Information Report prescribes dummies, procedures, and configurations that can be used for investigating the interactions that might occur between a deploying airbag and a child restrained by a child restraint system (CRS). During the inflation process, airbags generate a considerable amount of kinetic energy which can result in substantial forces being applied to a child who is restrained in a CRS in the front seat of a vehicle. Field data collected by the special crash investigation team of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) indicate that fatal forces can be developed. In response to these field data, NHTSA added a series of airbag/child interaction tests and limits to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR 571.208) that deal with occupant protection, commonly known as Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 208). The bases for NHTSA tests are the various test procedures that were developed by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). This document was one of those reports.

This document describes static and dynamic tests that can be used to assess the injury potential of such interactions. The static tests can be used to sort these interactions on a comparative basis in either an actual or a simulated vehicle environment. Systems that appear to warrant further testing can be subjected to an appropriate dynamic test. Engineering judgment will be needed to identify the test conditions that produce the most severe interactions.

Mild-severity and high-severity crash pulses are described in 8.2 . These pulses are not vehicle-specific but represent general acceleration-time histories for two crash conditions. The mild-severity pulse approximates a crash that would just deploy a typical airbag. This pulse would be used to evaluate the effect of the energy of the deploying airbag when the CRS and dummy are exerting the least amount of inertial force in the forward direction, but the dummy and/or CRS is moved forward by that inertial force. The high-severity pulse is similar to that specified in FMVSS 213 to evaluate CRS performance and would be used here to evaluate the airbag as an additional variable in a well-documented crash environment. These generic pulses or other vehicle-specific pulses may be used as appropriate. Differences in shape between the generic and the vehicle-specific pulses are expected to be greater for the high-severity than the mild-severity, with corresponding differences expected in dummy responses.

This document encourages the use of a wide range of test configurations and conditions, while recognizing that the range of possible interactions is essentially limitless and beyond testing capability. Further, measurements of primary importance for the various configurations are given in Section 10, Table 1, but performance limits are not specified. FMVSS 208 does specify performance limits which are based on the injury risk curves given in References SAE 973318 and SAE 2000-01-SC005.

Rationale

The members of the SAE Human Biomechanics and Simulations Standards Steering Committee have reviewed J2189 and made a conscientious decision to stabilize this Information Report. J2189, first issued in 1993, documents the tests developed to assess the risk of injury to children restrained in child restraints and exposed to a passenger frontal airbag. It served as a basis for ISO/TR14645, but is more comprehensive than ISO/TR14645. While the types of child restraints illustrated in Section 9 are outdated, the static and dynamic test conditions in J2189 remain relevant. This Information Report has historical value.

Data Sets - Support Documents

Title	Description	Download
TABLE 1	PRIMARY DUMMY RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS FOR ASSESSING THE INJURY POTENTIAL OF CHILD/AIRBAG INTERACTIONS

Reference

Number	Title
2000-01-SC05	Improved Neck Injury Risk Curves for Tension and Extension Moment Measurements of Crash Dummies
49CFR,Part571.2	This document is not part of the subscrption.
49CFR,Part572	This document is not part of the subscrption.
826040	Part Two - Dummies - Description and Basis of a Three-Year-Old Child Dummy Or Evaluating Passenger Inflatable Restraint Concepts
826047	Responses of Animals Exposed to Deployment of Various Passenger Inflatable Restraint System Concepts for a Variety of Collision Severities and Animal Positions
826048	Interpretations of the Impact Responses of a 3-Year-Old Child Dummy Relative to Child Injury Potential
840884	A Procedure for Normalizing Impact Response Data
841656	A Biomechanical Analysis of Head, Neck, and Torso Injuries to Child Surrogates Due to Sudden Torso Acceleration
93318	This document is not part of the subscrption.
CMVSS213	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ECERegulation44	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO 6487	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR 10982	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR 12349-2	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR 14645	This document is not part of the subscrption.
ISO/TR 14933	This document is not part of the subscrption.
J1733_201811	Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing
J1980	This document is not part of the subscrption.
J211	This document is not part of the subscrption.
J211/1_201403	Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1 - Electronic Instrumentation
J885	This document is not part of the subscrption.
PT-31	This document is not part of the subscrption.
SP-0736	Automatic Occupant Protection Systems
SP-736	This document is not part of the subscrption.

Technical Paper	PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DUAL STAGE PASSENGER AIR BAG SYSTEMS
Technical Paper	Novel use of a Halo Orthosis on Pediatric Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) in Frontal Sled Test
Technical Paper	Smart Seat Belts - Some Population Considerations Applied to Intelligent Restraint Systems

	2011-02-24	\|	J2189_201102
	2001-12-27	\|	J2189_200112

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Guidelines for Evaluating Child Restraint System Interactions with Deploying Airbags

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