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Emission Control Systems for Two Stroke Engines - A Challenge for Catalysis=
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The exhaust emissions of two stroke vehicles like motorbikes and scooters contribute to the pollution in urban areas of developing countries in South East Asia and India to a major extent. But also in Japan and selected European countries exhaust gas limitations become effective from 10/1998 and 06/1999 for these vehicles. To control this emissions catalytic aftertreatment by Hot Tubes® and/or monolith type catalysts are applied. Due to the constant rich operation of the two-stroke engines, common design criteria for three-way catalysts fail. Extremely high exhaust gas hydrocarbon concentrations lead to high exotherms during oxidation which increases the exhaust gas temperature to a range between 800 and 900 °C. Furthermore the lack of oxygen limits the CO and HC oxidation under certain engine operation conditions. Therefore, water-gas shift and steam reforming reactions play an important part in catalytic aftertreatment of two-stroke exhausts. The design of advanced catalysts has to take this into account.
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Bickle, G., Yoshikawa, T., Schäfer-Sindlinger, A., Domesle, R. et al., "Emission Control Systems for Two Stroke Engines - A Challenge for Catalysis=," SAE Technical Paper 982710, 1998, https://doi.org/10.4271/982710.Also In
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