This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Comparison of Cylinder Pressure Based Knock Detection Methods
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Eight different cylinder pressure trace based knock detection methods are compared using two reference cycles of different time-frequency content, reflecting single blast and developing blast, and a test population of 300 knocking cycles. It is shown that the choice of the pass window used for the pressure data has no significant effect on the results of the different methods, except for the KI20. In contrast to other authors, no sudden step in the knock characteristics is expected; first, because the data investigated contain only knocking cycles, and second, because a smooth transition between normal combustion and knock is expected, according to recent knock theory. It is not only the correlation coefficient, but also the Kendall coefficient of concordance, that is used to investigate the differences between the knock classification methods. It is found that none of the methods investigated possesses a significant advantage over the maximum amplitude of the bandpass filtered pressure method. Moreover, the methods based on maximum amplitude in the time domain agree reasonably well in their ranking, and the methods based on the average energy in the time domain produce similar results as well. No agreement between these two families is found.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | A Contribution to Knock Statistics |
Technical Paper | Spectrogram Analysis of Accelerometer-Based Spark Knock Detection Waveforms |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Burgdorf, K. and Denbratt, I., "Comparison of Cylinder Pressure Based Knock Detection Methods," SAE Technical Paper 972932, 1997, https://doi.org/10.4271/972932.Also In
References
- Clerk D. “Explosive Reactions Considered in Reference to Internal Combustion Engines,” Trans Faraday Society 338 340 1926
- Hohenberg G. “Indiziertechnik - Historischer Überblick und Entwicklung bis Heute,” 1. Darmstädter Indiziersymposium Darmstadt, Germany 1994
- Hensler P. Ulrich J.-G. Frech R. Jaksch A. “Der Porsche-Motor 944 S2,” MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 50 151 157 1989
- Lake T. H. Sapsford S. M. Stokes J. Jackson N. S. “Simulation and Development Experience of a Stratified Charge Gasoline Direct Injection Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 962014 1996
- Nakajima Y. Nagai T. Iijima T. Yokoyama J. Nakamura K. “Analysis of Combustion Patterns Effective in Improving Anti-Knock Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine,” JSAE (Japanese Society of Automotive Engineers) Review 9 17 1984
- Caris D. F. Nelson E. E. “A New Look at High Compression Engines,” SAE Preprint 61A 1958
- Fitton J. Nates R. “Knock Erosion in Spark-Ignition Engines,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 962102 1996
- Heywood J. B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals 1st New York McGraw-Hill Book Company 1988
- König G. Maly R. R. Bradley D. Lau A. K. C. Sheppard C. G. W. “Role of Exothermic Centres on Knock Initiation and Knock Damage,” SAE Transactions , SAE Paper 902136 99 840 861 1990
- König G. Sheppard C. G. W. “End Gas Autoignition and Knock in a Spark Ignition Engine,” SAE Transactions , SAE Paper 902135 99 820 839 1990
- Litzinger T. A. “Review of experimental studies of knock chemistry in engines,” Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 16 155 167 1990
- Maly R. R. Klein R. Peters N. Koenig G. “Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Knock Induced Surface Destruction,” SAE Transactions , SAE Paper 900025 99 99 137 1990
- Maly R. R. “State of the Art and Future Needs in S.I. Engine Combustion,” Twenty-Fifth Symposium (International) on Combustion 1994
- Oppenheim A. K. “Dynamic Features of Combustion,” Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 315 471 508 1985
- Pischinger F. Kollmeier H. P. Spicher U. Graz, Austria 1987
- Fieweger K. Blumenthal R. Adomeit G. “Self-Ignition of S.I. Engine Model Fuels: A Shock Tube Investigation at High Pressure,” Combustion and Flame 109 599 619 1997
- Puzinauskas P. V. “Examination of Methods Used to Characterize Engine Knock,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 920808 1992
- Arrigoni V. Cornetti G. Gaetani B. Ghezzi P. “Quantitative Systems for Measuring Knock,” Proc Instn Mech Engrs 186 575 583 1972
- Abthoff J. Fricker L. Wolf K. “Mercedes-Benz Anti-Knock System, Vehicle Test Results under Normal and Extreme Conditions,” Knocking of Combustion Engines, Int. Symposium Wolfsburg 1981
- Nakajima Y. Onoda M. Nagai T. Yoneda K. “Consideration for Evaluating Knock Intensity,” JSAE (Japanese Society of Automotive Engineers) Review November 27 35 1982
- Lee W. Schaefer H. J. “Analysis of Local Pressures, Surface Temperatures and Engine Damages under Knock Conditions,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 830508 1983
- Leppard W. R. “Individual-Cylinder Knock Occurrence and Intensity in Multicylinder Engines,” SAE Preprints , SAE Paper 820074 1982
- Chun K. M. Heywood J. B. “Characterization of Knock in a Spark-Ignition Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 890156 1989
- Lu J.-H Ezekoye D. Iiyama A. Greif R. Sawyer R. F. “Effect of Knock on Time-Resolved Engine Heat Transfer,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 950690 1989
- Kalghatgi G. T. Snowdon P. McDonald C. R. “Studies of Knock in a Spark ignition Engine with “CARS” Temperature Measurements and Using Different Fuels,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 950690 1995
- Chomiak J. Skôld J. “Fuel Effects on Energy Release and Knock Parameters in a SI Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 952404 1995
- Benson G. Fletcher E. A. Murphy T. E. Scherrer H. C. “Knock (Detonation) Control by Engine Combustion Chamber Shape,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 830509 1983
- Takagi Y. Itoh T. Iijima T. “An Analytical Study on Knocking Heat Release and its Control in a Spark Ignition Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 880196 1988
- Collings N. Dinsdale S. Eade D. “Knock Detection by Means of the Spark Plug,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 860635 1986
- Dimpelfield P. M. Foster D. E. “The Prediction of Auto Ignition in a Spark-Ignited Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 841337 1984
- Shoji H. Saima A. Sasao T. Arai J. Ikeda S. Iwasaki M. “Clarification of the Combustion Reaction Mechanism in a Spark Ignition Engine by Spectroscopic Analysis,” JSAE Review 13 4 9 1992
- Bood J. Bengtsson P.-E Mauss F. Burgdorf K. Denbratt I. “Knock in Spark-Ignition Engines: End-Gas Temperature Measurements Using Rotational CARS and Detailed Kinetic Calculations of the Autoignition Process,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 971669 1997
- Königstein A. Quarg J. “Zylinderdruckindizierung: Hilfsmittel zur Applikation der Klopfregelung bei modernen Motormanagementsystemen,” I. Darmstädter Indiziersymposium Darmstadt, Germany 1994
- Adolph N. Pischinger F. “Mechanismus der Klopfschädigung an Ottomotoren und Möglichkeiten zu deren Vermeidung. Mechanism of Knock Damage and Possible Ways to Prevent It in Spark-Ignition Engines,” MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 45 61 64 1984
- Collings N. Eade D. “Knock Detection by Audible, Accelerometer, Pressure and Ionic Current Methods,” I Mech E Conference Publications (Institution of Mechanical Engineers) , Paper C314/86 123 130 1986
- Schmillen K. P. Rechs M. “Different Methods of Knock Detection and Knock Control,” SAE Transactions , SAE Paper 910858 100 1404 1415 1991
- Gao X. Stone R. Hudson C. Bradbury I. “The Detection and Quantification of Knock in Spark Ignition Engines,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 932759 1993
- Betz G. Zellbeck H. “Das Mahle-Ki-Meter zur quantitativen Bestimmung der Klopfintensität. Mahle's Ki Meter for Knock Intensity,” MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 44 231 234 1983
- Draper C. S. “Pressure Waves Accompanying Detonation in the Internal Combustion Engine,” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 5 219 226 1938
- Burgdorf K. Karlström A. “Using Multi-Rate Filter Banks to Detect Internal Combustion Engine Knock,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 971670 1997
- Klimstra J. “Knock Severity Index - A Proposal for a Knock Classification Method,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 841335 1984
- Barton R. K. Lestz S. S. Duke L. C. “Knock Intensity as a Function of Engine Rate of Pressure Change,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 700061 1970
- Lyon D. “Knock and Cyclic Dispersion In a Spark Ignition Engine,” I Mech E Conference Publications (Institution of Mechanical Engineers) 105 115 1986
- Cowart J. S. Keck J. C. Heywood J. B. Westbrook C. K. Pitz W. J. “Engine Knock Predictions Using a Fully-Detailed and a Reduced Chemical Kinetic Mechanism,” Twenty-Third Symposium (international) on Combustion 1990
- Valtadoros T. H. Wong V. W. Heywood J. B. “Engine Knock Characteristics at the Audible Level,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 910567 1991
- Wachtmeister G. Woschni G. Zeilinger K. Motortechnische Zeitschrift 50 183 189 1989
- Checkel M. D. Dale J. D. “Testing a Third Derivative Knock Indicator On a Production Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 861216 1986
- Checkel M. D. Dale J. D. “Computerized Knock Detection from Engine Pressure Records,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 860028 1986
- Checkel M. D. Dale J. D. “Pressure Trace Knock Measurement in a Current S. I. Production Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 890243 1989
- Strang G. Nguyen T. Wavelets and Filter Banks 1st Wellesley MA Wellesley-Cambridge Press 1996
- Haghgooie M. “Effects of Fuel Octane Number and Inlet Air Temperature on Knock Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Engine,” SAE Technical Paper Series , SAE Paper 902134 1990
- Siegel S. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences , International Student ed. New York McGraw-Hill 1956
- Kendall M. G. Stuart A. Inference and Relationship 2 Third London Charles Griffin & Company Limited 1961
- Schmidt C. Withalm G. “Indizierung bei hohen Drehzahlen,” Darmstadt, Germany 1994