This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Effect of a Gasoline Additive, Automobile Make, and Driving Cycle on Intake Valve Deposits (IVD) and Combustion Chamber Deposits (CCD) in a Ten Car Fleet Test
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
In a ten car fleet test, the amount and chemical composition of intake valve deposits (IVD) and combustion chamber deposits (CCD) were determined. Five car makes, three driving cycles, and a gasoline with and without an IVD reducing additive were used.
The amount of IVD and CCD were a strong function of car make, and the additive decreased IVD and increased CCD compared with non-additized base gasoline. The chemical changes in the composition of the CCD show that the additive was the source of the increased CCD.
For all vehicles tested, a modified AMA Driving Cycle and a BMW Driving Cycle produced similar amounts of IVD and CCD, with similar chemical compositions. In contrast, the high speed cycle produced less CCD and gave CCD and IVD that had a different chemical composition than that of the other two driving cycles.
No CCDI (combustion chamber deposit interference) and no driveability problems occurred during the normal course of accumulating mileage.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Gasoline Additive and Deposit Effects on the Road and a Ford 2.3L Engine Test |
| Technical Paper | Universal Rule of Hydrocarbon Oxidation |
Authors
Citation
Homan, H. and Kelemen, S., "The Effect of a Gasoline Additive, Automobile Make, and Driving Cycle on Intake Valve Deposits (IVD) and Combustion Chamber Deposits (CCD) in a Ten Car Fleet Test," SAE Technical Paper 972836, 1997, https://doi.org/10.4271/972836.Also In
References
- Bitting, W. H. Ziwica, K. H. Kothe, M. Kohepp, W. Testoet, C. J. Gschwendtner, F. “Intake Valve Deposits: Fuel Detergency Requirements Revisited” SAE Paper # 872117 1987
- Peyla, R. J. “Reformulated Gasoline” Automotive Engineering 99 9 Sept. 1991
- Houser, K. R. Crosby, T. A. “The Impact of Intake Valve Deposits on Exhaust Emissions” SAE Paper # 922259 1992
- Herzog, J. Proc. CRC Workshop on CCD 1993
- Bitting, W. H. Firmstone, G. P. Keller, C. T. “Effects of Combustion Chamber Deposits on Tailpipe Emissions” SAE Paper # 940345 1994
- Kalghatgi, G. T. “Combustion Chamber Deposits in Spark-Ignition Engines: A Literature Review” SAE Paper # 952443 1995
- Moore, S. M. “Combustion Chamber Deposit Interference Effects in Late Model Vehicles” SAE Paper # 940385 1994
- Nagao, M. Kaneko, T. Omata, T. Iwamoto, S. Ohmori, H. Matsuno, S. “Mechanism of Combustion Chamber Deposit Interference and Effects of Gasoline Additives on CCD Formation” SAE Paper # 950741 1995
- Studzinski, W. M. Liiva, P. M. Choate, P. J. Aker, W. P. Smooke, M. Brezinsky, K. Litzinger, T. Bower, S. SAE Paper # 932815 1993
- Edwards, J. C. Choate, P. J. “Average Molecular Structure of Gasoline Engine Combustion Chamber Deposits Obtained by Solid-State 13C, 31P, and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy” SAE Paper # 932811 1993
- Choate, P. J. Edwards, J. C. “Relationship Between Combustion Chamber Deposits, Fuel Composition and Combustion Chamber Deposit Structure” SAE Paper # 932812 1993
- Kelemen, S. R. Maxey, C. T. “The Effect of Intake Valve Detergent Structure on Combustion Chamber Deposits” SAE Paper # 952449 1995
- Takei, Y. Uehara, T. Hoshi, H. Okada, M. “Effects of Gasoline and Gasoline Detergents on Combustion Chamber Deposit Formation” SAE Paper # 941893 1994
- Kim, C. Cheng, S. Majorski, S. A. “Engine Combustion Chamber Deposits: Fuel Effects and Mechanisms of Formation” SAE Paper # 912379 1991
- Wood, B. S. Anderson, C. L. “Gasification of Porous Combustion Chamber Deposits in a Spark Ignition Engine” SAE Paper # 930773 1993
- Price, R. J. Wilkinson, J. P. T. Jones, D. A. J. Morley, C. “A Laboratory Simulation and Mechanism for the Fuel Dependence of SI Combustion Chamber Deposit Formation” SAE Paper # 952445 1995
- Kalghatgi “A Phenomenological Model for Deposit Build-Up and Removal in an Engine” SAE Paper # 932808 1993
- Kelemen, S. R. Homan, H. S. “Fuel, Lubricant and Additive Effects in Combustion Chamber Deposit Formation” ACS PREPRINTS 41 2 314 318 March 1996
- Kelemen, S. R. Kwiatek, P. J. “Quantification of Organic Oxygen Species by XPS” Energy and Fuels 9 1995 841
- Kelemen, S. R. George, G. N. Gorbaty, M. L. “Direct Determination and Quantification of Sulfur Forms by XPS” Fuel 69 1990 939
- Kelemen, S. R. Gorbaty, M. L. Kwiatek, P. J. “Quantification of Nitrogen Forms by XPS” Energy and Fuel 8 1994 896
- Kelemen, S. R. Rose, K. D. Kwiatek, P. J. “Carbon Aromaticity Based on XPS π to π* Signal Intensity” Applied Surface Science 64 1993 167
- Berlowitz, P.J. Homan, H.S. “Hardware Effects on Intake Valve Deposits” SAE paper 912381 Oct 1991