A Critical Review of the Applicability of Tribotesters to Sheet Metal working

Authors

• John A. Schey

Topic

• Test procedures
• Tribology
• Simulation and modeling
• Technical review
• Research and development
• Metals
• Production

Citation

Also In

References

1. Schey, J.A. “Friction in Sheet Metalworking” 1997
2. Schey, J.A. Tribology in Metalworking: Friction, Lubrication and Wear American Society for Metals Metals Park, OH 1983
3. Schey, J.A. Watts S.W. “Transient Tribological Phenomena in Drawbead Simulation” SAE Paper 920634 SAE 1992 143 149
4. Kubert, M. Woska R. 1983 3 117 184
5. Schmoeckel, D. Frontzek H. “Reduction of Wear on Sheet Metal Forming Tools” CIRP 35 1986 195 198
6. Maillard, A. Gasnier J. “Performance Evaluation of Lubricants During Blanking” IDDRG WG 1995
7. Kawai, N. Nagoya K. “New Lubricity Evaluation Method for Metal Forming by a Compression-Twist Type Friction Testing Machine” J. Tribol. 109 1987 343 350
8. Emmens, W.C. “A Novel Design Friction Tester” IDDRG WG 1996
9. Renaudin, J.F. Batit G. Bournicon C. “A Simulation of Cold Forging Operations for Testing the Tribological Properties of Solid Lubrication Coatings” ATP 1990 47 52
10. Schey, J.A. Nautiyal P.C. “Effects of Surface Roughness on Friction and Metal Transfer in Lubricated Sliding of Aluminum Alloys Against Steel Surfaces” Wear 146 1991 37 51
11. Sato, A. Nakamura S. Tomioka Y. “Automobile Aluminum Panel Stamping Mass Production Technology” IDDRG 1994 479 490
12. Nautiyal, P.C. Schey J.A. “Friction and Metal Transfer in Sliding Aluminum Against Ion-Implanted Steel” Surface Engineering: Current Trends and Future Prospects Meguid S.A. Elsevier 1990 146 155
13. Anand, L. Tong W. “A Constitutive Model for Friction in Forming” ClRP 42 1993 361 366
14. Bay N. Wibom O. Nielsen J. Aa. “A New Friction and Lubrication Test for Cold Forging” CIRP 44 1995 217 221
15. Dohda, K. Kawai N. “Correlation Among Tribological Indices for Metal Forming” Lubric. Eng. 46 1990 727 734
16. ASTM Standard D 4173-82 “Standard Practice for Evaluating Sheet Metal Forming Lubricant”
17. Fischer, R.F. Schey J.A. “Tribological Factors Affecting the LDH Test” SAE Paper 920434 SAE 1992 57 61
18. Yoon, B.B. Rao R.S. Kikuchi N. “Experimental and Numerical Comparisons of Friction Contact in Sheet Stretching” Friction and Material Characterizations ASME New York 1988 47 53
19. Nine, H.D. “Friction Measurement for Forming of ZincBased Coated Sheet Steel” Zinc-Based Coating Systems: Metallurgy and Performance Krauss, G. Matlock D.K. The Metallurgical Society of ATME Warrendale, PA 1990 233 242
20. Bhonsle, S. R. Weinmann K.J. “The Significance of the Elastic Deformation of Workpiece Sample in the StripTension Friction Test” NAMRC 1990 46 51
21. Wang, W. Wagoner R.H. “A Realistic Friction Test for Sheet Forming Operations” SAE Paper 930807 SAE 1993 223 230
22. Kong, Y. Sun Y. Wang X.J. Wagoner R.H. “Development of a New Friction Test Device in Sheet Forming” ATP 1996 835 838
23. Pearce, R. “Some Effects of Friction in PunchStretching” Developments in the Drawing of Metals The Metals Society London 1983 249 256
24. Fox, R.T. Maniatty A.M. Lee D. “Determination of Friction Coefficient for Sheet Materials under Stretch-Forming Conditions” Met. Trans . 20A 1989 2179 2182
25. Siegert, K. Simon J. “Frictional and forming Behavior of Zinc-Coated Steel Sheets” SAE Paper 960818 SAE 1996 103 114
26. Sriram, S. Wagoner R.H. “Affordable Testing for Sheet Forming Applications” ATP 1996 843 856
27. Lin, J.F. Wang L.W. Huang T.K. “Friction in Deep Drawing of Aluminum Sheet” Wear 156 1992 189 199
28. Muraki, M. Ide H. Tagawa K. Nakamura T. “Effect of Lubricants on Deep Drawability of Zinc-Coated Steel Sheets” Eurotrib 1993 132 137
29. Kumpulainen, J.O. “Factors Influencing Friction and Galling Behavior of Sheet Metal” IDDRG 1984 476 490
30. Wenzloff, G.J. Hylton T.A. Matlock D.K. “A New Test Procedure for the Bending under Tension Test” J. Mat. Eng. Perform . 1 1992 609 613
31. Vallance, D. W. Matlock D.K. “Application of the Bending-Under-Tension Friction Test to Coated Sheet Steels” J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 1 1992 685 694
32. Davies, R.G. Stewart W.S. “Influence of Die Material upon the Coefficient of Friction in Zinc-Based Steel Coating Systems” Zinc-Based Coating Systems: Metallurgy and Performance The Metallurgical Society of AIME Warrendale, PA 1990 243 250
33. Sniekers, R.J.J.M. Ramaekers, J.A.H. “Experiments on Stripdrawing with Stationary Bending and Straightening” ATP 93 1716 1721
34. Wilson, W.R.D. Malkani H.G. Saha P.K. “Boundary Friction Measurements Using a New Sheet Metal Forming Simulator” NAMRI 1991 37 42
35. Reissner, J. “Tribology During Deep Drawing - Friction, Lubrication, Testing of Lubricants” IDDRG 1984 456 466
36. Wright, R.N. Schurman T. “Die Friction Variations in Simulated Sheet Metal Forming” IDDRG 1990 113 121
37. Woska, R. “Influence of the Fine Surface Structure of Coated Dies on Mixed-Friction Behavior in the Forming of Aluminium” Aluminium 60 1984
38. Sniekers, R.J.J.M The Netherlands 1996
39. Lassen, S. Bay N. “Comparison of Two Tribology Tests for Sheet Metal Forming” IDDRG WG 1993
40. Mortensen, J. Dirks J. Christensen P. “A Combined Physical and Numerical Simulation of Tool Performance in Conventional Deep-Drawing Operations” IDDRG 1994 233 240
41. Wall, C. G “The Laboratory Evaluation of Sheet Metal Forming Lubricants” Lubric. Eng. 40 1984 139 147
42. Monfort, G. Defourny J. “Tribological Factors in the Stamping of Coated and Uncoated Steel Sheets” IDDRG 1990 197 206
43. Azushima, A. “Development of a New Simulation Method by Means of Tribo-Simulator Controlled by Computer for Sheet MetalForming” ATP 1996 879 882
44. Kolnberger, S. Faderl J. “A New Method for Evaluation of the Friction Coefficient of Coated and Uncoated Steel Sheet” IDDRG WG 1993
45. Nine, H.D. “Draw Bead Forces in Sheet Metal Forming” Mechanics of Sheet Metal Forming: Behavior and Deformation Analysis Koistinen D. Wang N.M. Plenum, New York 1978 179 211
46. Belliard, P. Thomas B. Monfort G. Defourny J. “The Effect of Tool Material on the Galling Behaviour in the Press Forming of Coated and Uncoated Steel Sheets” IDDRG 1992 8 15
47. Schey, J.A. Smith M.K. “Report of NADDRG Friction Committee on Reproducibility of Friction Tests within and between Laboratories” SAE Paper 930811 SAE 1993 261 267
48. Sanchez, L.R. “Experimental Simulation of the Sheet Metal Response to Clamping During Forming” SAE Paper 940942 SAE 1994 163 169
49. Schey, J.A. “Geometric Factors Affecting Results from the Drawbead Simulation (DBS) Test” Lubric.Eng. 50 1994 255 260
50. Schey, J.A. “Causes of Random Variations of Friction in Sheet Metalworking” Lubric. Eng. 50 1994 821 829
51. Kim, Y. Choi W. “New Evaluation Method for Frictional Characteristics of Zinc Coated Steel Sheets” IDDRG 1992 368 375
52. Lewis, L.L. Murray M. V. “Effect of Die Hardness and Lubrication on Stamping Performance of One-Side Electrogalvanized and Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet” SAE Paper 840368
53. Hunz, R. Collison C. McCrea K. “Lubricant Performance of Various EP Compounds as Measured by the SLT Horizontal Draw-Bead Simulator” Lubric. Eng. 1990 549 552
54. Nakamura, S. Yoshida M. Nishimoto A. “Frictional characteristics of coated steel sheets” IDDRG 1988 77 83
55. Iwaya, J. Okano Y. Miyahara M. “A Study on the Frictional Behavior of Coated Steel Sheets” IDDRG 1990 189 196
56. Shimada, Y. et al “Formability of Coated Steel Sheets Evaluated by Actual Stamping Test and Laboratory Simulation Tests” Japanese DDRG, IDDRG 1992 16 23
57. Schedin, E. Lehtinen B. “Galling Mechanisms in Lubricated Systems: A Study of Sheet Metal Forming” Wear 170 1993 119 130
58. Weinmann, K.J. Kernosky S.T. “Friction Studies in Sheet Metal Forming Based on a Unique Die Shoulder Force Transducer” CIRP 45 1996 269 272
59. Kudo, H. Tsubouchi M. Takada H. Okamura K. “An Investigation into Plasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication with a Cold Sheet Drawing Test” CIRP 31 1982 175 180
60. von Stebut, J. Roizard X. “Influence of Test Conditions on Friction and Sheet Surface Micro-Mechanical Response in Strip Drawing of Uncoated Mild Steel Sheets” IDDRG WG 1993
61. Dane, C.M. “Multipass Friction Tests on Zinc Zoated Sheet to Simulate Galling Behaviour” IDDRG 1994 211 221
62. Haar, R. ter et al “Special Friction Tester for Measurements under Sheet Metal Forming Contact Conditions” Sheet Metal 96 University of Twente Holland 1996 357 366
63. Saiki, H. Ngaile G. Ruan L. Asakawa M. “New Tribo-Test for Cold Forging Processes by Localized Rod-Drawing Method” ATP 1996 343 346
64. Saito, M. Saiki H. Kawai N. “Experimental Analysis of Ironing of Thin Metal Cups” J. Eng. Ind. III 1989 56 62
65. Dohda, K. Saito M. Saiki M. Kawai N. “Tribology in the Ironing Process of Aluminum Cans” ATP 1990 1191 1198
66. Dohda, K. Kawai N. “Compatibility Between Tool Materials and Workpiece in Sheet-Metal Ironing Process” J. Tribol. 112 1990 275 281
67. Rigaut, J.M. Oudin J. Bricout J.P. Cabezon J. Ravalard Y. “A New Friction Test Procedure for the Improvement of Drawing and Similar Processes” J. Mat. Proc. Techn. 3 1990 3 28
68. Andreasen, J.L. Bay N. “A Strip Reduction Test for Measurement of Lubricity in Ironing” IDDRG 1996 435 444
69. Dohda, K. Wang Z. Yokoi N. Haruyama Y. “Effects of Average Traction Velocity of Lubricant and Relative Sliding Velocity on Friction Behavior” ATP 1996 107 110
70. Hochon, B. Deleon Y. Jussiaume A. Perry D. IDDRG 1986 239 250
71. Katoh, K. Kondo K. “Proposal of Lubricant Test for Thick Sheet forming” ATP 1996 757 760
72. Hashimoto, K. Ohwue T. Takita M. “Effect of Temperature, Die Materials, and Lubricant on Sliding Behaviour of Various Coated Steel Sheets” IDDRG 1990 153 160
73. Vermeulen, M. “Screening Test for the Tribological Behaviour of Deep Drawing Steel Sheet” Eurotrib 1 162 167
74. Hivart, PH. Bricout J.P. Oudin J. “A New Friction-Seizure Test for Phosphate/Stearate Coatings Using Conductivity Measurement” Lubric. Eng. 49 1993 833 837
75. Kimoto, M. Sakane T. Tsuda T. Hayashi Y. “Sliding Lubricity of Zn-Ni Alloy Electroplated Steel Sheets” J. JSTP 30 1989 1639 1645
76. Azushima, A. “Direct Observation of Contact Behavior to Interpret the Pressure Dependence of Coefficient of Friction in Sheet Metal Forming” CIRP 44 1995 209 212
77. Rao, R.S. Devenpeck M.L. Wright P.K. Appleby E.J. Lu C.Y. Richmond O. “New Strip Drawing Experiments Using Transparent Sapphire Dies” Int. J. Mech. Sci. 27 1985 725 740
78. Barbat, S.D.K. Lee H.Y. Rao R.S. “Experimental Procedures for Measuring Boundary Conditions in Forming Processes” Friction and Material Characterizations 1988 33 38
79. Hector, L.G. Wilson W.R.D. “Optical lubricant Film Thickness Measurement in Stretch Forming” NAMRC 1985 99 102
80. Ike, H. “Observation of Loaded Interface of Lubricated Asperities by Contact Microscope and Modelling of Mixed Lubrication in Plastic Working Processes” Eurotrib 89 162 167
81. Du, H. Hao S. Klamecki B.E. Ramalingam S. “Local Load and Deformation Sensing for Sheet Metal Forming Analysis and Process Control” Proc. NSF Design & Manuf. Sys. Conf. Charlotte, NC 1993 97 104
82. Geiger M. Engel U. Vollertsen F. “In-situ Ultrasonic Measurement of the Real Contact Area in Bulk Metal Forming” CIRP 41 1992 255 258
83. Gunnarsson, L. Schedin E. “Use of the Acoustic Emission Technique to Monitor Tribological Events During Sheet Forming” ATP 1996 1031 1034
84. Ranta-Eskola, A. Kumpulainen J. Sulonen M. “Comparison of Strip Drawing Tests Used for Measuring Surface Interactions in Press Forming” IDDRG 1982 165 174
85. Monfort, G “Formability of Coated Sheets” Benelux DDRG, IDDRG WG 1989
86. Schey, J.A. McLean M. “Critical Evaluation of Test Methods for Sheet Metalworking Lubrication” Friction and Material Characterizations 10 ASME 1988 25 32
87. Miura, K. Hira T. Kato T. “Galvannealed Steel with Superior Press Formability and Image Clarity” IDDRG 1994 85 89
88. Keeler, S. P. “Evaluating the Lubricity of Press Shop Lubricants on Various Types of Galvanized Steels” Proc. 28th Mechanical Working and Steel Processing Conf. Pittsburgh, PA 1986 AIME 193 198
89. Barten, P.L.W.M. Sniekers R.J.J.M. “A Comparison of the Flat Die Simulator and the Radial Strip Drawing Test” ATP 1996 865 868
90. Meuleman, D. J. Zoldak J.J. “The Interaction of Coated Steels, Die Materials and Forming Lubricants” SAE Paper 860432
91. Ike, H. “Evaluation of Sliding Characteristics of Coated Steel Sheets by L-type Drawbead Simulator” J. JSTP 35 1994 145 151
92. Morishita, T. Horita T. “Effect of Coating Layer and Lubricant Oil on the Formability of Coated Steel Sheet” IDDRG 1990 207 214
93. Keeler, S.P. Nine H.D. Siekirk J.F. “Formability Criteria for Selecting Sheet Metal Lubricants” SAE Paper 880366
94. Balbach R. “Influence of Various Surface Microstructures on the Tribology in Aluminum Sheet Metal Forming” CIRP 36 1987 181 184
95. Usuda, M. “Forming Performance of Aluminum Alloy Sheets for Automobile Body Panels” SAE Paper 950924 SAE 1995 191 201
96. Nakamura, S. Yoshida M. Nishimoto A. Ono T. “Study of Method of Evaluation for Frictional Characteristics in Coated Steel Sheets” IDDRG 1990 379 386

Cited By