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Meeting Both ZEV and PNGV Goals with a Hybrid Electric Vehicle - An Exploration
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Abstract
This paper is written to provide information on the fuel efficiency, emissions and energy cost of vehicles ranging from a pure electric (ZEV) to gasoline hybrid vehicles with electric range varying from 30 mi (50km) to 100 mi (160km). The Federal government s PNGV and CARB s ZEV have different goals, this paper explores some possibilities for hybrid-electric vehicle designs to meet both goals with existing technologies and batteries. The SAE/CARB testing procedures for determining energy and emission performance for EV and HEV and CARB s HEV ruling for ZEV credit are also critically evaluated. This paper intends to clarify some confusion over the comparison, discussion and design of electric- hybrid- and conventional- vehicles as well.
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An, F., Frank, A., and Ross, M., "Meeting Both ZEV and PNGV Goals with a Hybrid Electric Vehicle - An Exploration," SAE Technical Paper 961718, 1996, https://doi.org/10.4271/961718.Also In
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