This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Reliability of Human Head/Neck Force and Torque Estimation
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The sensitivity of biomechanical models to parameter estimation errors is crucial in determining the reliability of the dynamic estimates provided by these models. For evaluating the risk of head and neck injury from indirect impact (inertial loading), the forces and torques at key anatomical locations are important dynamic quantities. For human volunteers, these variables are estimated using head/neck models incorporating measured kinematic time traces and several indirectly measured mechanical and geometric parameters (e.g., the head center of gravity).
In this paper, the sensitivity of estimated forces and torques at the occipital condyles to variations in head/neck geometric and mechanical properties, initial head positioning, and input kinematics is illustrated using a single fixed link model. Using anthropometric X-ray and fitted inertial response data from human volunteers, these forces and torques are estimated for two standard geometric/mechanical datasets. Monte Carlo techniques are employed to show how uncertainties in live subject head/neck geometric and mechanical properties and input kinematics severely limit the accurate assessment of head/neck dynamics even for a very simple mechanical model.
The simulation database consists of six frontal (-Gx) impact tests at paired g-levels of 8 and 15g involving three anthropometrically dissimilar human research volunteers (HRVs). The results reflect the influence of head geometry, mass, moments of inertia, initial head positioning and acceleration pulse characteristics on the head/neck dynamic response. No attempt is made to assess the additional effects of measurement error. This analysis has implications for the usefulness of mechanical models in determining the effect of restraint systems and head protective devices on head/neck dynamics. These implications are also discussed.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Head-Neck Kinematics in Dynamic Forward Flexion |
Technical Paper | Third Generation of Automotive Test Dummies |
Technical Paper | Joint Range of Motion and Mobility of the Human Torso |
Citation
Guccione, S. and Weiss, M., "The Reliability of Human Head/Neck Force and Torque Estimation," SAE Technical Paper 952720, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/952720.Also In
References
- Anderson, R. C. Dr. “Computational Modeling of Head-Neck Motion Due to Impact Acceleration” Biomedical Engineering Department Tulane University New Orleans, LA
- Wu, J. “Development of a Methodology for Probabilistic Cervical Spine Injury” Probabilistic Mechanics and Reliability Section Southwest Research Institute San Antonio, TX
- Head and Neck Injury Symposium Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. December 9-10 1993 Denver, CO
- Beier, G. Schuck, M. Schuller, E. Soann, W. “Determination of Physical Data of the Head I. Center of Gravity and Moments of Inertia of Human Heads” Office of Naval Research Scientific Report April 1979
- McConville, J. T. Kaleps, I. Clauser, C. E. Cuzzi, J. “Anthropometric Relationships of Body and Body Segment Moments of Inertia” AFAMRL-TR-80-119 (DTIC Accession #AD-A097238) December 1980
- Herron, R. E. Cuzzi J. R. Hugg John Mass Distribution of the Human Body Using Biostereometrics Final Report Biostereometrics Laboratory, Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research, Baylor University Houston, Texas 1976
- Fang, H. Moore, J. H. “Optimal Estimation of Head Scan Data with Generalized Cross Validation” Technical Report Wright Patterson AFB Ohio July 1994
- Martin, P. E. Mungiole, M. Marzke, M. W. Longhill, J. M. “The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Measuring Segment Inertial Properties,” Journal of Biomechanics 22 4 367 376 1989
- Zehner, G. F. “A Multivariate Anthropometric Method for Crew Station Design” Technical Report Wright Patterson AFB Ohio March 1993
- Ewing, C. L. Thomas, D. J. “Torque versus Angular Displacement Response of Human Head to -G x Impact Acceleration” Proceedings, 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 1969
- Trahan, R. “Development of a Kalman Filter Model for Impact Acceleration Tests” Electrical Engineering Department University of New Orleans New Orleans, LA
- Watkins, T. A. Guccione, S. J. Jr. “Statistical Approach to Human Kinematic Response to Impact Acceleration” 16th Annual International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research Atlanta, GA October 1988
- Watkins, T. A. Guccione, S. J. Jr. “A Consistent Statistical Model for Human Kinematic Response to Impact Acceleration.” 17th Annual International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research Washington, DC. October 1989
- Weiss, M. S. Guccione, S. J. Jr. Watkins, T. A. “A Kinematic/Dynamic Model for Prediction of Neck Injury During Impact Acceleration,” AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 471 Neuilly sur Sein, France 11:1 11:6 1989
- Watkins, T. A. Weiss, M. S. Call, D. W. Guccione, S. J. Jr. “A Kinematic Model for Predicting the Effects of Helmet-mounted Systems,” AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 517 Neuilly sur Seine, France 7:1 7:6 1991
- Watkins, T. A. Guccione, S. J. Jr. “Scaling Hybrid III and Human Head Kinematic Response to -G x , +G y , and +G z Impact Acceleration” Proceedings, 36th Stapp Car Crash Conference Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 1992
- Ewing, C. L. Thomas, D. J. Lustick, L. S. Muzzy, W. H. III Willems, G. C. Majewski, P. J. “Dynamic Response of Human Head and Neck to +G y Impact Acceleration,” Proceedings of the 21st Stapp Car Crash Conference Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 547 586 1977
- Ewing, C. L. Thomas, D. J. Lustick, L. S. Muzzy, W. H. III Willems, G. C. Becker, E. B. “The Effects of the Initial Position of the Head and Neck on the Dynamic Response of Human Head and Neck to -G x Impact Acceleration,” Proceedings of the 19th Stapp Car Crash Conference Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 487 512 1975
- Smith, D. “Statistical Research on the NBDL Dynamic Response Database,” Desmatics, Inc., State College PA
- Wu, Y. T. Millwater, H. R. Cruse, T. A. “An Advanced Probabilistic Structural Analysis Method for Implicit Performance Functions,” AIAA Journal 28 9 1990 1663 1669
- Wu, Y. T. “Computational Methods for Efficient Structural Reliability and Reliability Sensitivity Analysis,” AIAA Journal 32 8 1994 1717 1723