This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
A New Model Comparing Impact Responses of the Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Human Brain
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A new three-dimensional human head finite element model, consisting of the scalp, skull, dura, falx, tentorium, pia, CSF, venous sinuses, ventricles, cerebrum (gray and white matter), cerebellum, brain stem and parasagittal bridging veins has been developed and partially validated against experimental data of Nahum et al (1977). A frontal impact and a sagittal plane rotational impact were simulated and impact responses from a homogeneous brain were compared with those of an inhomogeneous brain.
Previous two-dimensional simulation results showed that differentiation between the gray and white matter and the inclusion of the ventricles are necessary in brain modeling to match regions of high shear stress to locations of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The three-dimensional simulation results presented here also showed the necessity of including these anatomical features in brain modeling. Although both the homogeneous and inhomogeneous brain models predicted almost the same intracranial pressure response of the brain, they predicted a different shear stress response. Simulation results suggest that coup/contrecoup injures are pressure induced, while brain-stem injuries are caused by shear stress/strain. Furthermore, shear strains at the genu of the corpus callosum can be a predictor of DAI. The impact response of parasagittal bridging veins, simulated by using one-dimensional string element, appeared to be reasonable and consistent with experimental results. The model predicted that the bridging veins in the central part of the superior sagittal sinus were at higher risk of rupture as they could be subjected to higher tensile strains during the rebound phase. This could be an important injury mechanism for subdural hematoma which also depends on the direction of impact.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Zhou, C., Khalil, T., and King, A., "A New Model Comparing Impact Responses of the Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Human Brain," SAE Technical Paper 952714, 1995, https://doi.org/10.4271/952714.Also In
References
- Abel, J. M. Gennarelli, T. A. Segawa, H. 1978 Incidence and severity of cerebral concussion in the rhesus monkey following sagittal plane angular acceleration Proc. 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 780886
- Gennarelli, R.A. Thibault, L.E. 1982 Biomechanics of acute subdural hematoma J. Trauma 22 680 686
- Gennarelli, T. A. 1993 Cerebral concussions and diffuse brain injuries Head Injury 3rd Cooper, P. R. Williams & Wilkins Baltimore, Maryland
- Holbourn, A. H. 1943 Mechanics of head injury The Lancet 2 438 441
- Hubbard, R. P. 1971 Flexure of layered cranial bone J. Biomech. 4 251 263
- King, A.I. Ruan, J.S. Zhou, C. Hardy, W.N. Khalil, T.B. 1995 Recent advances in biomechanics of brain injury research J. Neurotrauma 12 95
- Lee, M.-C. Haut, R.C. 1989 Insensitivity of tensile failure properties of human bridging veins to strain rate: implications in biomechanics of subdural hematoma J. Biomech. 22 537 542
- Nahum, A.M. Smith, R. Ward, C.C. 1977 Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact Proc. 21st Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 770922
- Nahum, A.M. Smith, R. Ward, C.C. 1979 Intracranial pressure relationships in the protected and unprotected head Proc. 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 791024
- Nahum, A. Ward, C. Raasch, E. Adams, S. Schneider, D. 1980 Experimental studies of side impact to the human head Proc. 24th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 801301
- Nahum, A. Ward, C. Schneider, D. Raasch, F. Adams, S. 1981 A study of impacts to the lateral protected and unprotected head Proc. 25th Stapp Car Crash Conf., SAE Paper No. 811006
- McGrath, P. Mills, P. 1984 Atlas of sectional anatomy: head, neck and trunk Krage, Basel Switzland; New York
- Oka, K. et al 1985 Microsurgical anatomy of the superficial veins of the cerebrum Neurosurg. 17 711 748
- Ruan, J. S. 1994 Impact biomechanics of head injury by mathematical modeling Wayne State University
- Ruan, J. S. Khalil, T. B. King, A. I. 1994 Dynamic response of the human head to impact by three-dimensional finite element analysis ASME J. Biomech. Engrg. 116 44 50
- Sauren, A. A. H. J. Claessens, M. H. A. 1993 Finite element modeling of head impact: the second decade Proc. 1993 Int. IRCOBI Conf. on the Biomechanics of Impacts 241 254
- Ward, C. C. Thompson, R. B. 1975 The development of a detailed finite element brain model Proc. 19th Stapp Car Crash Conf. , SAE Paper No. 751163
- Ward, C. C. Chan, M. Nahum, A. M. 1980 Intracranial pressure - a brain injury criterion Proc. 26th Stapp Car Crash Conf. , SAE Paper No. 821154
- Ward, C. C. 1982 Finite element models of the head and their use in brain injury research Proc. 26th Stapp Car Crash Conf. , SAE Paper No. 821154
- Ward, C. 1983 Finite element modeling of the head and neck Impact Injury of the Head and Spine Ewing, C. L. et al Thomas Charles C Springfield, Illinois 421 474
- Zhou, C. Khalil, T.B. King, A.I. 1994 Shear stress distribution in the porcine brain due to rotational impact Proc. 38th Stapp Car Crash Conf. , SAE Paper No. 9422141