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Exhaust Emission Control of Small 4-Stroke Air Cooled Utility Engines An Initial R & D Report
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Abstract
Environmental concerns and regulations have stimulated the study of applying catalytic emission control to 4-stroke air cooled utility engines of less than 25 Hp. These engines require air/fuel mixtures considerably richer than those of automotive engines, entailing different catalytic solutions. In addition, small utility engines are subjected to a variety of unique operating modes.
Factors discussed for this new catalyst system application are space velocity, temperature, test cycle, operating modes, lube oil consumption, engine control systems, engine life, and operating efficiency as well as other factors unique to this engine. An unexpected effect of this catalyst application, after-ignition of unburned exhaust components in a classical diffusion flame, is also discussed.
It appears that catalytic emission control of small 4-stroke utility engines can be effective. However, considerably more work needs to be accomplished before a catalytic system, which is integrated into these utility engines, can achieve the final result -- a clean, safe engine for both the consumer and the environment.
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Citation
Mooney, J., Hwang, H., Daby, K., and Winberg, J., "Exhaust Emission Control of Small 4-Stroke Air Cooled Utility Engines An Initial R & D Report," SAE Technical Paper 941807, 1994, https://doi.org/10.4271/941807.Also In
References
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air & Radiation “Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study” October 1991
- California Code of Regulations
- Federal Register 59FR25399 May 16 1994 Notice of Proposed Rule Making, Utility Engine Emission Standards - Phase I
- Federal Register 58FR55033 October 25 1993
- SAE “Test Procedure for the Measurement of Gaseous Exhaust Emissions From Small Utility Engines” June 1983
- Heywood John B. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals McGraw-Hill 1988
- Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 4th 9 “Exhaust Control, Automotive” 1994
- Hwang H. S. “Diffusion Test for Autoexhaust Monolithic Catalyst” December 13 1983
- Decorso S. M. et. al “Catalysts for Gas Turbine Combustors - Experimental Test Results” ASME Publication Papaer No. 76-GT-4 1976
- Zabetakis M. J. “Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors” U.S. Bureau of Mines 44 1965
- Zabetakis M. J. “Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors” U.S. Bureau of Mines 44 1965