This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Biomechanical Analysis of Tractor Induced Head Injury
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Head injury is a serious threat to lives of people working around farm machinery. The consequence of head injuries are costly, paralytic, and often fatal. Clinical and biomechanical data on head injuries are reviewed and their application in the analysis of head injury risk associated with farm tractor discussed. A significant proportion of tractor-related injuries and deaths to adults, as well as children, is due directly or indirectly to head injury. An improved injury reporting program and biomechanical studies of human response to tractor rollover, runover, and falls, are needed to understand mechanisms of the associated head injury.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Risk of Death Among Child Passengers in Front and Rear Seating Positions |
| Technical Paper | Baboon Tolerance to Linear Deceleration (-Gx): Lap Belt Restraint |
| Technical Paper | VEHICLE FAR-SIDE IMPACT CRASHES |
Authors
- Liming Voo - Medical College of Wisconsin
- Frank A. Pintar - Medical College of Wisconsin and Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Center
- Narayan Yoganandan - Medical College of Wisconsin
- Anthony Sances - Medical College of Wisconsin
- Channing L. Ewing - Hoechst Celanese Corp.
- Daniel J. Thomas - Hoechst Celanese Corp.
- Richard G. Snyder - Biodynamics International
Topic
Citation
Voo, L., Pintar, F., Yoganandan, N., Sances, A. et al., "Biomechanical Analysis of Tractor Induced Head Injury," SAE Technical Paper 941726, 1994, https://doi.org/10.4271/941726.Also In
References
- National Safety Council (1987): “Accident Facts, 1987 Edition.” Chicago, Illinois.
- Purschwitz, M. A. and Field, W. E.: Scope and magnitude of injuries in the agricultural workplace. Am. J. Industrial Meri., 18:179-192, 1990.
- Skromme, A. B.: A farm safety program sponsored by farmers. ASAE Paper #901621, Chicago, IL, Dec. 18-21, 1990, pp 1-32.
- McKnight, H. R. and Hetzel, G. H.: Trends in farm machinery fatalities. Agricultural Engineering, 66(5):15-17, 1985.
- Cogbill, T. H. and Busch, H. M., Jr.: The spectrum of agricultural trauma. J. Emerg. Med., 3:205-210, 1985.
- Vanneuville, G., Corger, H., Tanguy, A., Dalens, B., Floucaud, D.: Severe farm machinery injuries to children - a report on 15 cases. Eur. J. Pediatr. Surg., 2:29-31, 1992.
- Rice, D. P., MacKenzie, E. J., et al.: Cost of injury in the United States: a report to Congress 1989. Institute for Health and Aging, University of California, San Francisco and Injury Prevention Center, The Johns Hopkins University, 1989.
- Sances, A. Jr. and Yoganandan, N.: Human Head Injury Tolerance. In Mechanisms of Head and Spine Trauma. Sances, A. Jr., Thomas, D. J., Ewing, C. L., Larson, S. J., and Unterharnscheidt, F., eds., Aloray Publisher, Goshen, New York, pp. 189-218, 1986.
- Hodgson, V. R., Thomas, L. M., and Greenberg, S. W.: Fracture behavior of the skull frontal bone against cylindrical surfaces, SAE Paper #700909, Proc. 14th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Ann Arbor, MI, Nov 17-18, 1970, pp 341-355.
- Hodgson, V. R. and Thomas L. M.: Breaking strength of the human skull vs impact surface curvature. Report HS-800-583, NTIS, US DOT, Springfield, VA, pp. June, 1971.
- Nahum, A. M., Gatts, J. D., Gadd, C. W., and Danforth, J.: Impact tolerance of the skull and face. SAE Paper #680785, Proc. 12th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Detroit, MI, Oct. 22-23, 1968, pp 302-316.
- Melvin, J. W., Fuller, P. M., and Roberts, V. L.: Frangible head form development Phase I: a six month study of the effects of localized impact on tissue. Report PO #NP-47-356319, Highway Safety Research Institute, Ann Arbor, MI, February 1969.
- Schneider, D. C. and Nahum, A. M.: Impact studies of facial bones and skull. SAE Paper #720965, Proc 16th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Detroit, MI, Nov 8-10, 1972, pp 186-203.
- Allsop, D. L., Warner, C. Y., Wille, M. G., Schneider, D. C., and Nahum, A. M.: Facial impact response--a comparison of the Hybrid III dummy and human cadaver. SAE Paper #881719, Proc 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conf, Atlanta, GA, Oct. 17-19, 1988, pp 139-155.
- Allsop, D. L., Perl, T. R., and Warner, C. Y.: Force/deflection and fracture characteristics of the temporo-parietal region of the human head. SAE Paper #912907, Proc 35th Stapp Car Crash Conf, San Diego, CA, Nov.. 18-20, 1991, pp 269-278.
- Yoganandan, N., Pintar, F., Sances, A., Myklebust, J., Schmaltz, D.: Steering wheel induced facial trauma. SAE Paper #881712, Proc 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conf, Atlanta, GA, Oct. 17-19, 1988, pp 45-69.
- Lissner, H. R., Lebow, M., and Evans F. G.: Experimental studies on the relations between acceleration and intracranial pressure changes in man. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 9:329-338, 1960,
- Haynes, A. L. and Lissner, H. R.: Experimental head impact studies. Proc. 5th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Warrendale, PA, pp. 158-170, Sept. 14-16, 1961.
- Gurdjian, E. S., Lissner, H. R., and Patrick, L. M.: Protection of the head and neck in sports. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 182(5):509-512, 1962.
- Stalnaker, R. L., Melvin, J. W., Nusholtz, G. S., Alem, N. M., and Benson, J. B.: Head impact response. SAE Paper #770921, Proc 21st Stapp Car Crash Conf, New Orleans, LA, Oct. 19-21, 1977, pp. 305-335.
- Nahum, A. M. and Smith, R. W.: An experimental model for closed head impact injury. SAE Paper #760825, Proc 20th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Dearborn, MI, Oct. 18-20, 1976, pp. 785-814.
- Nahum, A. M., Smith, R., and Ward, C. C.: Intracranial pressure dynamics during head impact. SAE Paper #770922, Proc 21st Stapp Car Crash Conf, New Orleans, LA, Oct. 19-21, 1977, pp 339-366.
- Nahum, A., Smith, R., Raasch, F., and Ward, C. C.: Intracranial pressure relationships in the protected and unprotected head. SAE Paper #791024, Proc 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conf, San Diego, CA, Oct. 17-19, 1979, pp 615-636.
- Nahum, A., Ward, C. C., Raasch, E., Adams, S., and Schneider, D.: Experimental studies of side impact to the human head. SAE Paper #801301, Proc 24th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Troy, MI, Oct. 15-17, 1980, pp 45-62.
- Nahum, A., Ward, C., Schneider, D., Raasch, F., and Adams, S.: A study of impacts to the lateral protected and unprotected head. SAE Paper #811006, Proc 25th Stann Car Crash Conf, San Francisco, CA, Sept. 28-30, 1981, pp 241-268.
- Got, C. and Patel, A.: Results of experimental head impacts on cadavers: the various data obtained and their relations to some measured physical parameters. SAE Paper #780887, Proc 22nd Stapp Car Crash Conf, Ann Arbor, MI, Oct. 24-26, 1978, pp 57-99.
- Gurdjian, E. S., Lissner, H. R., Evans, F. G., Patrick, L. M., and Hardy, W. G.: Intracranial pressure and acceleration accompanying head impacts in human cadavers. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 113:185-190, 1961.
- Gurdjian, E. S., Lissner, H. R. Webster, J. E., Latimer, F. R., and Haddad, B. F.: Studies on experimental concussion. Neurology, 4:674-681, 1954.
- Gurdjian, E. S., Roberts, V. L. and Thomas, L. M.: Tolerance curves of acceleration and intracranial pressure and protective index in experimental head injury. J. Trauma, 6:600-604, 1966.
- Ommaya, A. K., Hirsch, A. E., Flamm, E. S., and Mahone, R. H.: Cerebral concussion in the monkey: an experimental model. Science, 153:211-212, 1966.
- Hirsch, A. E. and Ommaya, A. K.: Protection from brain injury: the relative significance of translational and rotational motions of the head after impact. SAE Paper #700899, Proc 14th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Ann Arbor, MI, Nov. 17-18, 1970, pp 144-151.
- Ommaya, A. K., Grubb, R. L., and Naumann, R. A.: Coup and contra-coup injury: observations on the mechanics of visible brain injuries in the rhesus monkey. J. Neurosurg., 35:503-516, 1971.
- Ommaya A K, Corrao P, and Letcher F S: Head injury in the chimpanzee -- Part I: Biodynamics of traumatic unconsciousness. J. Neurosurg., 39:152-166, 1973.
- Ono, K., Kikuchi, A., Nakamura, M., Kobayashi, H., and Nakamura, N.: Human head tolerance to sagittal impact reliable estimation deduced from experimental head injury using subhuman primates and human cadaver skulls. SAE Paper #801303, Proc 24th Stapp Car Crash Conf, Troy, MI, Oct. 15-17, 1980, pp 103-159.
- Imajo, T. and Kazee, A. M.: Diffuse axonal injury by simple fall. Am J. Forensic Med and Path, 13(2): 169-172, 1992.
- Sganzerla, E. P., Tomei, G., Guerra, P., Tiberio, F., Rampini, P. M., Gaini, S. M., and Villani, R. M.: Clinicoradiological and therapeutic considerations in severe diffuse traumatic brain injury in children. Child's Nerv. Syst., 5:168-171, 1989.