This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Germany's Contribution to the Demonstrated Technical Feasibility of the Liquid-Hydrogen Fueled Passenger Automobile
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The German aerospace research establishment, the DLR, in Stuttgart, is conducting an extended program in advanced terrestrial energy1 environment subjects, including transportation. These technology development and demonstration activities generally pivot off in-hand aerospace accomplishments and know-how A major project presently being concluded, after nearly two decades of work by DLR staff and their research and industrial colleagues in Europe and the United States, has addressed the use of liquid hydrogen (a staple aerospace fuel) for automotive vehicle applications.
This work recognizes that, in the strategic view, the non-fossil (fossil in the nearer term) production of hydrogen from water is mankind's leading prospect for achieving energy independence from the world's depleting fossil-energy resources. At the same time, hydrogen is conclusively the most environmentally benign chemical fuel possible. For example, its carbon dioxide effluent is zero.
The paper describes the very considerable contribution of Germany in advancing the technical status of cryogenic liquid hydrogen-powered demonstration vehicles and their supporting fuel-supply infrastructure. Complete technical feasibility has been documented for three critical subsystem areas upon which the ultimate practicability of the Hydrogen Carcenters: 1) Liquid hydrogen self-serve fueling stations, 2) Vehicle onboard liquid hydrogen storage containment and processing equipment, and 3) Automotive engines which operate competently on hydrogen using a number of distinctly different hydrogen/air mixture formation techniques.
Authors
Citation
Peschka, W. and Escher, W., "Germany's Contribution to the Demonstrated Technical Feasibility of the Liquid-Hydrogen Fueled Passenger Automobile," SAE Technical Paper 931812, 1993, https://doi.org/10.4271/931812.Also In
Alternative Fuels: Alcohols, Hydrogen Natural Gas and Propane
Number: SP-0982; Published: 1993-08-01
Number: SP-0982; Published: 1993-08-01
References
- Sloop, J. L. Liquid Hydrogen as a Propulsion Fuel 1945-1959 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Publication SP-4404 1978
- Peschka. W. Liquid Hydrogen, Fuel of the Future 303 Springer-Wien New York 1992
- Pohlenz, J.B. Stine, L.O. New Process Promises Low Cost Hydrogen Oil and Gas J. 60 82 85 1962 Pohlenz, J.B. Stine, L.O. New Process Makes Hydrogen from Fuel Gases, Hydrocarbon Processing and Petrol. Ref. 41 191 194 1962
- Peschka, W. 279 300 1992
- Povel, R. Töpler, J. Withalm, G. Halene, C. Hydrogen Drive in Field Testing Hydrogen Energy Progress V 4 London/New York Pergamon Press 1984 1563 1578
- Billings. R.E. Hydrogen Storage for Automobiles Using Cryogenics and Metal Hydrides Proc. The Hydrogen Economy (Miami) Energy (THEME) Conf. 1974
- Stewart. W.F. Hydrogen as a Vehicular Fuel Williamson, K. D., Jr. Edeskuty, F.J. Recent Developments in Hydrogen Technology 2 69 146 Cleveland Ohio CRC Press 1986
- Peschka, W. Liquid Hydrogen for Automotive Vehicles - Status and Development in Germany Cryogenic Processes and Equipment New York ASME 1984 97 104
- Stewart. W.F. Operating Experience with a Liquid Hydrogen Fueled Buick and Refueling System Proc. 4th WHEC 3 1982 1071 1093 Int.J. Hydrogen Energy 9 1984 525 538
- Peschka, W. The Status of Handling and Storage Techniques for Liquid Hydrogen in Motor Vehicles Int.J.HydrogenEnergy 12 11 753 764 1987
- Peschka, W. Hydrogen Combustion in Tomorrow's Energy Technology Int.J.Hydrogen Energy 12 7 481 500 1987
- Withalm, G. Gelse, W. The Mercedes Benz Hydrogen Engine for Application in a Fleet Vehicle Proc., 6th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 3 1185 1198 Oxford Pergamon Press 1986
- Fiala, E. Willumeit, H.P. 28 144 151 1967
- Seifert, H. SAEpaper 82032 1982
- Binder, K. Withalm, G. Mixtwe Formation and Combustion in Interaction with the Hydrogen Storage Technology Proc. 3th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. Tokyo 2 1103 1117 Oxford Pergamon Press 1980
- Lenz. H.P. Duelli, H. 89 6 1987
- Lenz, H.P. Mixture Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines Springer Verlag Wien New York SAE Warrendale, PA 400 1992
- May, H. Gwinner, D. 4 1981
- McCarley, C. A. Van Vast, W.D. Electronic Fuel Injection Techniques for Hydrogen Powered I. C. Engines Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 5 179 204 1980
- Adt, R. R., Jr. Swain, M. R. Pappas, J. M. Hydrogen Engine Performance Project U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE), Second Annual Report 1980 Washington DC. 1983
- Homan, H. S. De Boer, P. T C. McLean, W. J. The Effect of Fuel Injection on NOx-Emissions and Undesirable Combustion for Hydrogen-Fueled Piston Engines Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 81 2 1983
- Peschka, W. Liquid Hydrogen Reciprocating Pumps for Automotive Application Adv. Cryog. Eng. 35 B 1783 1790 New York Plenum Press 1990
- Peschka, W. Liquid Hydrogen Pumps for Automotive Application Int.J.Hydrogen Energy 15 817 825 1990
- Furuhama, S. Fukuma. T. Kashima, T. Liquid Hydrogen Fuel Supply System for Hot Surface Ignition Turbocharged Engine Cryogenic Processes and Equipment ASME 105 114 1984
- Furuhama. S. Fukuma. T. Liquid Hydrogen Fueled Diesel Automobile with Liquid Hydrogen Pumps Adv. Cryog. Eng. 31 1047 1056 New York Plenum Press 1986
- Furuhama, S. Hydrogen Engine Systems for Land Vehicles Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 141 12 907 914 1989
- Stewart, W. F. Operating Fueled Buick and Refueling System Int J. Hydrogen Energy 9 6 525 538 1984
- Regar, N. Strobl, W. Heuser R. 463 483 1989
- Peschka, W. Liquid Hydrogen for Automotive Vehicles-Status and Development in Germany Cryogenic Processes and Equipment ASME 97 104 1984
- Peschka, W. The Status of Handling and Storage Techniques for Liquid Hydrogen in Motor Vehicles Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 12 753 764 1987
- Takiguchi. M. Furuhama, S. Combustion Improvement of Liquid Hydrogen Engine for Medium Duty Trucks SAE-Techn. paper 870535 1987
- Furuhama, S. Fukuma, T. High Output Power Hydrogen Engine with High Pressure Fuel Injection, Hot Surface Ignition and Turbocharging Int.J.Hydr.En. 11 399 407 1986
- Furuhama. S. Hydrogen Engine Systems for Land Vehicles Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 14 12 907 914 1989
- Takiguchi, M. Furuhama S. Combustion Improvement of Liquid Hydrogen Engine for Medium Duty Trucks SAE- Techn. paper 870535 1987
- Withalm. G. Gelse, W. The Mercedes Benz Hydrogen Engine for Application in a Fleet Vehicle Proc., 6th World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 3 1185 1198 Oxford Pergamon Press 1986
- Peschka. W. Liquid Hydrogen-Cryofuel in Ground Transportation Adv. Cryog. Eng. 31 1035 1046 New York Plenum Press 1986
- Peschka. W. Liquid Hydrogen as a Vehicular Fuel - A Challenge for Cryogenic Engineering Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9 515 525 1984
- McCarley, C. A. Development of a High Speed Injection Valve for Electronic Hydrogen Fuel Injection Proc.. 3rd World Hydrogen Energy Conf. 2 1119 1134 New York Pergamon Press 1980
- Furuhama, S. Hirurna. M. Enemoto, Y. Development of a Liquid Hydrogen Car Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 3 61 81 1978
- Peschka. W. Nieratschker, W. Experience and Special Aspects on Mixture Formation of an Otto-Engine Converted for Hydrogen Operation Int.J.Hydrogen Energy 11 10 653 660 1986
- Furuhama, S. Fukuma, T. High Output Power Hydrogen Engine with High Pressure Fuel Injection, Hot Surface Ignition and Turbocharging Int.J.Hydrogen Energy 11 6 399 407 1986
- Krepec, T. Giannacopoulos, T. Miele, D. New Electronically Controlled Hydrogen-Gas Injection Development and Testing Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 12 12 1987
- Varde, K. S. Frame, G. M. A Study of Combustion and Engine Performance Using Electronic Hydrogen Fuel Injection Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 9 4 327 332 1984
- Mc. Carty, R. D. Hord, J. Roder, H. M. Selected Properties of Hydrogen NBS Monograph 168 1981
- Seilly, A.H. Colenoid Actuators- A New Concept in Extremely Fast Acting Solenoids SAE-paper 810 462 1981
- Krepec, T. Giannacopoulos. T. Miele, D. New Electronically Controlled Hydrogen-Gas Injector Development and Testing Int. J Hydrogen Energy 12 12 855 862 1987
- Peschka, W. Cryogenic Fuel Technology and Elements of Automotive Propulsion Systems Adv in Cryogenic Engineering 37 Plenum Press New York 1992
- Ordin, P.M. Review of Hydrogen Accidents and Incidents in NASA Operations NASA-Tm-X71565 1974
- Hord, J. Is Hydrogen Safe? NBS-Technical Note 690 1976
- Winter, C.J. 4 26 31 1989
- Fischer, M. Eichert, H. 34 33 37 1981
- Underwood, O.L. Dieges, P.B. Hydrogen and Oxygen Combustion for Pollution Free Operation of Existing Standard Automotive Engines Proc. 6th IECEC. SAE-Paper 719046 1971
- Stewart, W.F Edeskuty, F.J. Williamson, K.D. Lutgen. H.N. Operating Experience with a Liquid Hydrogen Fueled Vehicle Los Alamos Scientific Lab. Adv. Cryog.Eng. 20 1974 82 89
- Finegold, J.G. Van Vorst, W.D. et al. The UCLA Hydrogen Car: Design, Construction and Performance Trans. SAE 730507 1973
- Furuhama. S. Hirurna, M. Enemoto, K. Development of a Liquid Hydrogen Car Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 3 1978 61 81
- Peschka, W. Carpetis, C. Cryogenic Hydrogen Storage and Refueling for Automobiles Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 5 1982 619 626
- Furuhama, S. Kobayashi. Y. A Liquid Hydrogen Car with a Two Stroke Direct Injection Engine and LH2-Pump Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 7 1982 809 820
- Peschka. W. Liquid Hydrogen for Automotive Vehicles - Experimental Results ASME-Paper No. 81-HT-83 1981
- Furuhama. S Kobayashi, Y. Development of Hot Surface Ignition Hydrogen Injection TwoStroke Engine Proc. 4th WHEC 3 Adv. in Hydrogen Energy 1009 1020 New York Pergamon Press 1982
- Furuhama. S. Fukuma, T. Kashima, T. Liquid Hydrogen Fuel Supply System to Hot Surface Ignition Turbocharged Engine Cryogenic Processes and Equipment - 1984 ASME 1984
- Varde. K. S. Frame, G. A. Development of a High-Pressure Hydrogen Injection for SI Engine and Results of Engine Behaviour Inl J. Hydrogen Energy 101 11 743 748 1985