This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Investigations of Lubricant Sludge Formation in the Field: Development of an Effective New Fleet Test Technique
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
A new field test procedure for evaluation of the sludge formation tendencies of lubricants has been developed. The procedure has the benefits of short running time, reduced variability, and dramatic separation of API SF vs API SG oils. This paper discusses development of the operational procedure and evaluation of four lubricants, including commercial-type API SF and API SG oils as well as experimental future oils. Significantly improved sludge ratings were obtained with an experimental API SG oil.
The sludge formation process was studied using infrared spectroscopy, TAN, dielectric measurements, viscosity, quasielastic light scattering particle size, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. These analyses show production of contaminants which form insoluble particles that build up and precipitate out of suspension as sludge. Certain drain analyses can be used as tools for predicting field sludge deposition time. Finally, sludge formation in the field test and the ASTM Sequence VE engine test are compared.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | 100,000 Miles of Fueling 5.9L Cummins Engines with 100% Biodiesel |
| Technical Paper | Sludge and Deposit Control in Automotive Engines - Chemical Leads and Mechanism |
| Technical Paper | Synthetic Lubricants for Passenger Car Diesel Engines |
Authors
Topic
Citation
Jaynes, S., Salomon, M., Riga, A., Kornbrekke, R. et al., "Investigations of Lubricant Sludge Formation in the Field: Development of an Effective New Fleet Test Technique," SAE Technical Paper 910748, 1991, https://doi.org/10.4271/910748.Also In
References
- Colyer C.C. Davis K.E. Desing M.E. Jaynes S.E. Copan W.G. “Field Testing: The Final Proof of Performance” SAE Paper No. 885018 1988
- CRC Manual Number 12 September 1976
- Kreuz K.L. “Gasoline Engine Chemistry” Lubrication 55 6 53 1969
- Vineyard B.D. Coran A.Y. “Gasoline Engine Deposition: I. The Identification of Deposit Precursors” ACS Div. Pet. Chem. 7 A25 Sept. 1969
- Coran A.Y. Vineyard B.D. “Gasoline Engine Deposition: II. Sludge Binder” ACS Div. Pet. Chem. 7 A35 Sept. 1969
- Anderson D.J. “Mechanism of Engine Deposit and Wear-A Progress Report” Japanese Pet. Inst. Meeting Tokyo Oct. 1968
- Nahumck W.M. Hyndman C.W. Cryvoff S.A. “Development of the PV-2 Engine Deposit and Wear Test - an ASTM Task Force Progress Report” SAE Paper No. 872123 1987
- Graf R.T. Copan W.G. Kornbrekke R.E. Murphy J.P. “Sludge Formation in Engine Testing and Field Service” SAE Paper No. 881580 1988
- Shimonaev G. Penchul A.F. Maryakhin N.M. “Nature of Electric Charge Carriers in Motor Oils with Polyfunctional Additives” 10 44 47 1976
- Blagovidov I.F. Lapin V.P. Shkolnikov V. Shor G. “Laboratory Methods for Investigation of Additive Oil Detergency” First European Tribology Congress London 299 305 1973
- Krause I.H. University of Aachen West Germany “A Technical Evaluation of the Lubri-sensor Oil Quality Analyser” Northern Instruments Application Brief 1987
- Ogawa M. “Degree of Degradation of Marine Diesel Engine System Oils by Lubri-sensor Quality Analyzer” Northern Instruments Application Brief 1987
- Winsor J. “Lube Oil Drain Intervals” Heavy Duty Trucking 110 112 1985
- Keller M.A. Saba C.S. “Monitoring of Ester Base Lubricants by Dielectric Constant” Lubrication Engr. 45 6 347 351 1989
- Block H. Kelly J. Qin A. Watson T. “Materials and Mechanisms in Electrorheology” Langmuir 6 6 14 1990
- “Oil Thickening by Suspended Insoluble Particles” Lubrizol Newsline 7 6 7 December 1989
- Covitch M.J. Humphrey B.K. Ripple D.E. “Oil Thickening in the Mack T-7 Engine Test - Fuel Effects and the Influence of Lubricant Additives on Soot Aggregation” SAE Paper No. 852126 1985
- Brinkman H.C. J.Chem. Phys. 20 571 1952
- Graham A.L. Steele R.D. Bird R.B. “Particle Clusters in Concentrated Suspensions. 3. Prediction of Suspension Viscosity” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 23 420 1984
- Spearot J.A. ACS Div. Petrol. Chem. 598 619 1974
- Kawamura M. Ishiguro T. Morimoto H. “Electron Microscopic Investigation of Soots in Used Diesel Oils” Lubrication Engr. 47 8 572 575 1987
- Reading K. Dilks A. Graham S.C. “The Study of Lubricating Oils and Additives by Freeze-Fracture Replication Transmission Electron Microscopy - FFRTEM” Petroanalysis '87 Dev. Anal. Chem. Pet. Ind. 239 251 1988
- Anderson F.W. Nelson R.C. Farley F.F. “Preparation of Grease Specimens for Electron Microscopy” NLGI Spokesman 252 254 October 1967
- Magnin A. Piau J.M. “Application of Freeze-Fracture Technique for Analyzing the Structure of Lubrication Greases” J. Mater. Res. 4 4 990 995 1989
- Zeelenberg A.P. Wortel J.M. “More Information on Oil and Engine for Sludge Analysis” SAE Paper No. 770643 1977
- Gotro J. Yandrasits M. “Cure Monitoring Using Dielectric and Dynamical Mechanical Analysis” SPE ANTEC 45 1039 1042 1987
- Bidstrup W. Bidstrup S. Senturia S. “Correlation Between Dielectric and Structural Properties During Epoxy Cure” SPE ANTEC 46 1988
- Day D. Shepard D. Wall A. “Real Time Determination During Curing through Combined WLF Modeling and Dielectric Measurements” International SAMPE Symposium 33 603 613 1988