This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Steering Assembly Impacts Using Cadavers and Dummies
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Event:
Stapp Car Crash Conference
Language:
English
Abstract
Studies have shown that dummies can be used to study various issues relating to an unrestrained driver's interaction with the steering system in frontal crashes. However, current dummies have limitations in simulation of car occupants and to assess the spectrum of injury types and mechanisms. Human cadaver subjects were used to study abdominal injury and “severe” steering wheel deformation as part of an evaluation of energy absorbing steering systems.
A predominant factor influencing abdominal injury in these tests was the impact location of the lower rim, injury being associated with the rim aligned 50 mm below the xiphoid. The dummies developed approximately twice the impact force than the cadaver subjects in these severe tests with a noncompressible column, in part due to the chest of the dummies “bottoming” out on a rigid spine. Flexibility of the human spine resulted in the cadaver “inverting” the steering wheel rim below the hub in the most severe test with a noncompressible column. In contrast, the dummies did not invert the wheel rim inspite of much greater impact force. However, wheel deformations caused by the Hybrid III dummy were closer to those from the cadaver tests than wheel deformations caused by the Part 572 dummy.
Recommended Content
Technical Paper | Abdominal Trauma-Review, Response, and Criteria |
Technical Paper | Thoracic Biomechanics with Air Bag Restraint |
Technical Paper | Metamodel Generation for Frontal Crash Scenario of a Passenger Car |
Authors
Citation
Begeman, P., Kopacz, J., and King, A., "Steering Assembly Impacts Using Cadavers and Dummies," SAE Technical Paper 902316, 1990, https://doi.org/10.4271/902316.Also In
References
- Kahane, C.J. “An Evaluation of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards for Passenger Car Steering Assemblies” DOT HS-805 705 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Washington, DC 1981
- Malliaris, A.C. Hitchcock, R. Hedlund, J. “A Search for Priorities in Crash Protection” SAE Paper 820242 1982
- Malliaris, A.C. Hitchcock, R. Hansen, M. “Harm Causation and Ranking in Car Crashes” SAE Paper 850090 1985
- Parks, S. “Relative Risk of Driver and Right Front Passenger Injury in Frontal Crashes” August 3 1984 Transportation Research Department, General Motors Research Laboratories.
- Evans, L. Frick, M.C. “Seating Position in Cars and Fatality Risk” American Journal of Public Health 78 1456 1458 1988
- Horsch, J.D. Lau, I.V. Viano, D.C. Andrzcjak, D.V. “Mechanism of Abdominal Injury by Steering Wheel Loading” SAE Paper 851724 29th Stapp Car Crash Conference 1985
- Horsch, J.D. Viano, D.C. “Infuence of the Surrogate in Laboratory Evaluation of Energy-Absorbing Steering Systems” SAE Paper 841660 1984
- Morgan, R.M. Marcus, J.H. Schneider, D.C. Awad, J. Eppinger, R.H. Dainty, D. Nahum, A,M. Forrest, S. “Interaction of Human Cadaver and Hybrid III Subjects with a Steering Assembly” Thirty-First Stapp Car Crash Conference November 1987
- Horsch, J.D. Petersen, K.R. Viano, D.C. “Laboratory Study of Factors Influencing the Performance of Energy Absorbing Steering Systems” SAE Paper 820475 (SP-507) 1982
- Horsch, J.D. Culver, C.C. “The Role of Steering Wheel Structure in the Performance of Energy Absorbing Steering Systems” SAE Paper 831607 1983
- Hess, R.J. Weber, K. Melvin, J.W. “Review of Research on Thoracic Impact Tolerances and Injury Criteria Related to Occupant Protection” SAE Paper 820480 February 1982
- Rouhana, S.W. Viano, D.C. Jedrzejczak, E.A. McCleary, J.D. “Assessing Submarining and Abdominal Injury Risk in the Hybrid III Family of Dummies” SAE Paper 892440 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference 1989
- Sacreste, J. Brun-Cassan, F. Fayon, A. Tarriere, C. Got, C. Patel, A. “Proposal for a Thorax Tolerance Level in Side Impacts Based on 62 Tests Performed with Cadavers Having Known Bone Condition” SAE Paper 821157 26th Stapp Car Crash Conference 1982