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Assessment of Unregulated Emissions from Gasoline Oxygenated Blends
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Abstract
Four gasoline or gasoline-oxygenate blend fuels were used in the evaluation of regulated and unregulated emissions from five test vehicles. The fuels listed below were prepared from a common base gasoline.
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Baseline, aromatic-enriched (35.5% aromatics)
- 10% Ethanol blend (3.5% oxygen)
- 16.4% Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) blend (3.0% oxygen)
- 19.1% Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) blend (3.0% oxygen)
The five test vehicles represented different types of emission control technology: pre-catalyst, oxidation catalyst, three-way catalyst with closed-loop carburetor operation and an air pump, three-way catalyst with throttle body fuel injection, and three-way catalyst with port fuel injection. Each vehicle was operated with each fuel over the Federal Test Procedure(1)* (including evaporative emissions) for a total of 15 tests per vehicle. Several unregulated exhaust emissions were measured including ethylene, 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene, benzene, toluene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethanol, MTBE, and nitrous oxide. The unregulated emission data from tests using the ethanol, MTBE, and ETBE blends were compared to emissions produced from tests using the aromatic-enriched baseline fuel to determine if there were any statistically significant differences associated with the use of the blends. Regulated exhaust emissions (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen) and fuel economy were also measured on each test. In addition, evaporative emissions were analyzed for MTBE, benzene, and ethanol.
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Warner-Selph, M. and Harvey, C., "Assessment of Unregulated Emissions from Gasoline Oxygenated Blends," SAE Technical Paper 902131, 1990, https://doi.org/10.4271/902131.Also In
References
- Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Chapter 1, Part 86, Subpart B, Sections applicable to light-duty vehicles.
- “Guidance on Estimating Motor Vehicle Emission Reductions from the Use of Alternative Fuels and Fuel Blends,” Report EPA-AA-TSS-PA-87-4, NTIS #PB 88169594/REB, January 1988.
- Harvey, Craig A., “CO Reduction Versus Fuel Oxygen Content,” Draft EPA Memo, February 1989.
- Harvey, Craig A., “CO Reduction Versus Fuel Oxygen-Adaptive Learning Vehicles,” Draft EPA Memo, September 1989.
- Smith, L.R., et al, “Analytical Procedures for Characterizing Unregulated Emissions from Motor Vehicles,” Report EPA-600/2-79-017, prepared under Contract No. 68-02-2497, February 1979.
- Smith, L.R., “Butadiene Measurement Technology,” Final Report EPA 460/3-88-005, prepared under Work Assignment B-1 of Contract No. 68-03-4044, August 1988.
- Smith, L.R., “Characterization of Exhaust Emissions from Alcohol-Fueled Vehicles,” Final Report prepared for the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., CAPE-30-81, May 1985.
- Hollander, M. and Wolfe, D.A., Nonparametric Statistical Methods, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Canada, Chapter 4, pp 67-68.
- Warner-Selph, M.A., “Assessment of Unregulated Emissions from Gasoline Oxygenated Blends,” Final Report prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency, Contract No. 68-C9-0004, publication in process.