This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Gasoline-Engine Camshaft Wear: The Culprit is Blow-By
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
We were able to identify engine blow-by as a primary factor affecting camshaft wear in gasoline engines. Using a 2.3-liter overhead-camshaft engine, we isolated the valve-train oil from the crankcase oil and its blow-by using a separated oil sump. We find that:
-
with engine blow-by, the camshaft wear was high.
-
without blow-by, the camshaft wear was low.
-
with blow-by piped into the isolated camshaft sump, the wear was high again.
Later studies identified nitric acid as a primary cause of camshaft wear. It is derived from nitrogen oxides reacting with water in the blow-by. But even in the presence of blow-by, camshaft wear can be controlled by the proper selection of zinc dithiophosphates (ZnDTP) and detergent type.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Interactions Among Oil Additive and Engine Operating Parameters Affecting Engine Deposits and Wear |
| Technical Paper | An Overhead Cam Wear and Valvetrain Dynamics Study |
Authors
Citation
McGeehan, J. and Yamaguchi, E., "Gasoline-Engine Camshaft Wear: The Culprit is Blow-By," SAE Technical Paper 892112, 1989, https://doi.org/10.4271/892112.Also In
References
- Hanson T. K. Egerton A. C. “Nitrogen Oxides in Internal Combustion Engine Gases,” Proc. of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Vol 163 November 1937
- Graefe E. “Petroleum (Berlin),” 28 23 Motorenbetrieb u Machinen-Schmierung, Vol 5 6 1932
- Ehler K. “Petroleum (Berlin),” 28 41 Motorenbetrieb u Machinen - Schmierung, Vol 5 10 8 1932
- Diamond H. Kennedy H. C. Larson R. G. “Investigation of Deposits and Oil Deterioration Phenomena in Motored Engines,” American Chemical Society, Petroleum Division 147 September 1947
- Spindt R. S. Wolfe C.L. Stevens D. R. “Nitrogen Oxides, Combustion and Engine Deposits,” SAE Transactions 64, 797 1956
- Spindt R. S. Wolfe C. L. “The Where and How of Engine Deposit,” 60 1952 636 SAE Meeting August 14 1951
- Dimitroff E. Moffitt J. Quillian R. D. “Aromatic Compounds in Fuels Identified as Main Precursors of Engine Varnish,” SAE Journal, Vol 77 52 58 1969
- Rogers D. T. Rice W. W. Jonach F. L. “Mechanism of Engine Sludge Formation and Additive Action,” SAE Transactions Vol 64 783 796 1956
- Quillian R. D. Jr Meckel N. T. Moffitt J. V. “Cleaner Crankcases With Blow-by Diversion,” SAE Paper No. 801B 1964
- Vineyard B. D. Coran A. Y. “Gasoline Engine Deposition: Blow-by Collection and the Identification of Deposit Precursors,” American Chemical Society, Division of Petroleum Chemistry, Inc., pp A25 A32 1969
- Dimitroff E. Moffit J. V. Quillian R. D. Jr “Why, What, and How: Engine Varnish Formation,” ASME and ASLE Lubrication Conference October 8 10 1968
- Bardy D. C. Franklin T. M. Roberts C. E. “A 2.3-L Engine Deposit and Wear Test - An ASTM Task Force Report.” SAE Paper 780260 1978
- Harris S. W. Eggerding D. W. Udelhofen J. H. “Analysis of the PV-1 Test Via Used Oils,” “Lubrication Engineering.” 38 487 496 1980
- Nahumck W. M. Hyndman C. W. Cryvoff S. A. “Development of the PV-2 Engine Deposit and Wear Test - An ASTM Task Force Progress Report,” SAE Paper 872123 1987
- McGeehan J. A. Yamaguchi E. S. Adams J. Q. “Some Effects of Zinc-Dithiophosphates and Detergents on Controlling Engine Wear” SAE Paper No. 852133 1985
- West C. T. Passut C. A. Chamot E. “Wear Mechanisms in Moderate Temperature Gasoline Engine Service,” SAE Paper No. 860374 1986
- Murakami Y. Aihara H. Kuniya J. “Analysis of Mechanism Intermixing Combustion Products in Engine Oil,” Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu, B Hen, Vol 53 496 3814 3821 December 1987
- Cotton F. A. Wilkinson G. “Advanced inorganic Chemistry,” John Wiley and Sons Inc., p 349 1966
- Yost D. M. Russell H. Jr “Systematic Inorganic Chemistry,” Prentice Half Inc., p 60 1944
- Hanson J. B. Harris S. W. West C. T. “Factors Influencing Lubricant Performance in Sequence V-E, Test” SAE Paper No. 881581 1988
- Habeeb J.J. Rogers W.W. May C.J. “The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Engine Wear and the Effect of ZnDTP - Dispersant-Detergent Interactions,” SAE Paper No. 872157 1987
- Mair R.D. Graupner A. J. “Determination of Organic Peroxides by Iodine Liberation Procedures,” Analytical Chemistry, Vol 36 1 194 204 1964
- Korcek S. Mahoney L. R. Johnson M. D. Siegel W. O. “Mechanism of Antioxidant Decay in Gasoline Engines Investigation of Zinc Dialkydithiophosphate Additives,” SAE Paper No. 810014 1981
- Bridgewater A. J. Dever J. R. Sexton M. D. “Mechanisms of Antioxidant Action.92Part 2. Reactions of Zinc Bis-O, O-Dialkyl (aryl) Phosphorodithioates and Related Compounds With Hydroperoxides,” J. C. S. Perkin II, pp 1006 1016 1980
- Willermet P. A. Kandah S. K. “Lubricant Degradation and Wear. Reaction Products of a Zinc Dialkydithiophosphate and Peroxy Radicals,” ASLE Transactions, Vol 27 1 67 72 1984
- Bennett P. A. Murphy C. K. Jackson M. W. Randall R. A. “Reduction of Air Pollution by Control of Emission from Automotive Crankcases,” SAE Transactions, Vol 68 1960
- Spearot J. A. Gallopoulos N. E. “Concentrations of Nitrogen Oxides in Crankcase Gases,” SAE Paper No 760563 1976
- Erdman T.R. Alexander W. III “The Effects of Operating Conditions and NO x on Engine Deposits and Oil Degradation,” Chevron Research Company Report 1976
- Korcek S. Johnson M. personal communication based on work presented at Gordon Research Conference on Tribology 1988