This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Combined Bending and Axial Loading Responses of the Human Cervical Spine
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The lateral, anterior and posterior passive bending responses of the human cervical spine were investigated using unembalmed cervical spinal elements obtained from cadavers. Bending stiffness was measured in six modes ranging from tension-extension through compression-flexion. Viscoelastic responses studied included relaxation, cyclic conditioning and constant velocity deformation. A five-axis load cell was used to measure the applied forces. Results include moment-angle curves, relaxation moduli and the effect of cyclic conditioning on bending stiffness. The Hybrid III ATD neckform was also tested and its responses are compared with the human. It was observed that the Hybrid III neckform was more rate sensitive than the human, that mechanical conditioning changed the stiffness of the human specimens significantly, and that changing the end condition from pinned-pinned to fixed-pinned increased the stiffness by a large factor.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Cervical Spine Compression Responses |
| Technical Paper | Head and Neck Response to Axial Impacts |
Authors
Citation
McElhaney, J., Doherty, B., Paver, J., Myers, B. et al., "Combined Bending and Axial Loading Responses of the Human Cervical Spine," SAE Technical Paper 881709, 1988, https://doi.org/10.4271/881709.Also In
References
- Sances A Weber R.C. Larson S.J. Cusick J.S. Myklebust J.B. Wash P.R. “Bioengineering Analysis of Head and Spine Injuries,” CRC Critical Reviews in Bioengineering February 1981
- Messerer O. Uber Elasticitat and Festigkeit der Meuschlichen Knochen J. G. Cottaschen Buchhandling Stuttgart 1880
- Bauze R.J. Ardran M.J. “Experimental Production of Forward Dislocation in the Human Cervical Spine” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 60B 2 239 1978
- Sances A. Jr. Myklebust J. Houterman C. Webber R. Lepkowski J. Cusick J. Larson S. Ewing C. Thomas D. Weiss M. Berger M. Jessop M.E. Saltzberg B. “Head and Spine Injuries.” AGARD Conference Proceedings on Impact Injury Caused by Linear Acceleration — Mechanism, Prevention, and Cost 1982
- McElhaney J.H. Roberts V.L. Paver J.G. Maxwell G.M. “Etiology of Trauma to the Cervical Spine.” Impact Injury to the Head and Spine C.C. Thomas 1982
- McElhaney J.H. Paver J.G. McCrackin H.J. Maxwell G.M. “Cervical Spine Compression Responses,” SAE Paper No. 831615 1983
- Panjabi M.M. White A.A. Johnson R.M. “Cervical Spine Mechanics as a Function of Transection of Components,” Journal of Biomechanics 8 5 327 1975
- Selecki B.R. Williams H.B.L. “Injuries to the Cervical Spine and Cord in Man,” Australian Med. Assoc., Mervyn Archdall Med. Monograph #7 Australian Medical Publishers South Wales 1970
- Nusholtz G.S. Melvin J.W. Huelke D.F. Alem N.M. Blank J.G. “Response of the Cervical Spine to Superior-Inferior Head Impact,” Proc. of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference SAE Paper No. 811005 197 237 1981
- Edwards W.T. Hayes W.C. Posner I. White A.A. III Mann R.W. “Variation of Lumbar Spine Stiffness With Load,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 109 35 1987
- Markolf K.L. Steidel R.S. Jr. “The Dynamic Characteristics of the Human Intervertebral Joint,” ASME Paper No. 70-WA/BHF-6 1970
- Panjabi M.M. Brand R.A. Jr. White A.A. “Three Dimensional Flexibility and Stiffness Properties of the Human Thoracic Spine,” Journal of Biomechanics 9 185 1976
- Roaf R. “A Study of the Mechanics of Spinal Injury,” Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 42B 810 1960
- Tencer A.F. Ahmed A.M. Burke D.L. “The Role of Secondary Variables in the Measurement of the Mechanical Properties of the Lumbar Intervertebral Joint,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 103 129 1981
- Hodgson V.R. Thomas L.M. “The Biomechanics of Neck Injury From Direct Impact to the Head and Neck,” Head and Neck Injury Criteria U.S. Government Printing Office 1981
- Seemann M.R. Muzzy W.H. Lustick L.S. “Comparison of Human and Hybrid III Head and Neck Response,” Proc. of the Thirtieth Stapp Car Crash Conference 1986
- Hirsch C. “Method of Stabilizing Autopsy Specimens in Biomechanical Experiments,” Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavia 34 4 374 1964
- Fung Y.C. “Stress-Strain History Relations of Soft Tissue in Simple Elongations,” Biomechanics — Its Foundation and Objectives Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs 1972
- Mertz H.J. Neathery R.F. Culver C.C. “Performance Requirements and Characteristics of Mechanical Necks Human Impact Response Plenum Press 1973