This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Thin Deposit Films from Oxidized Gasoline on Steel Surfaces as Determined by ESCA
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Fuel-derived deposits on injectors and elsewhere in engines can severely impair engine performance. A laboratory test procedure was developed to produce thin deposit films from oxidized fuel on steel. The deposit films were analyzed using ESCA (XPS) and depth profiling with Ar i-ons. The deposits were carbonaceous in nature with lesser amounts of oxygen, and small amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. The total sulfur concentration in the deposits was approximately five-ten times higher than the concentration of sulfur in the original gasoline. Ion bombardment preferentially removed oxygen from the deposit layer, revealing that sulfur in the deposits was in the form of oxygenated compounds (RSO2 R, RSO2OR, RSO2OR, RSO2OSO2 R) and removal of oxygen converted them to lesser or non-oxygen-containing compounds (RSR, RSOR, RSSR, RSSO2 R). Fuel samples were spiked with two sulfur-containing chemicals, thioanisole and thianaphthene. Neither compound affected the relative concentration of sulfur in the deposits, indicating that they do not participate directly in the deposit formation process. Thinner deposit films were formed on steel surfaces which were polished and oxidized prior to being used in the deposit formation test than on surfaces which were only polished before the test.
Recommended Content
| Technical Paper | Effects of Sulfur Chemistry on Deposits Derived from a Gasoline Oxidized at 100°C |
| Ground Vehicle Standard | Specifications for Low Carbon Cast Steel Shot |
Citation
Tseregounis, S., "Thin Deposit Films from Oxidized Gasoline on Steel Surfaces as Determined by ESCA," SAE Technical Paper 881641, 1988, https://doi.org/10.4271/881641.Also In
References
- Benson, J. D. Yaccarino, P. “Fuel and Additive Effects on Multiport Fuel Injector Deposits” SAE Transactions, Fuels and Lubricants, 95 , Paper 861533
- Taniguchi, B. Y. Peyla, R. J. Parsons, G. M. Hoekman, S. K. Voss, D. A. “Injector Deposits - The Tip of Intake System Deposit Problems” SAE Transactions, Fuels and Lubricants, 95, Paper 861534 1986
- Kim, C. Tseregounis, S. Scruggs, B. “Deposit Formation on a Metal Surface in Oxidized Gasolines” SAE Paper 872112 Deposits in Modern Engines. SAE Special Publication Warrendaie, PA 1988
- Taylor, W. F. Wallace, T. J. “Kinetics of Deposit Formation from Hydrocarbons, Effect of Trace Sulfur Compounds” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 7 3 198 1968
- Taylor, W. F. “Kinetics of Deposit Formation from Hydrocarbons, Fuel Composition Studies” Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 8 4 375 1969
- Lauer, J. L. Vogel, P. Seng, G. T. “Emission FT-IR Analyses of Jet Fuel Deposits” Applied Spectroscopy, 39 6 997 1985
- Hazel, L. B. Baker C. David, P. Fackerell, A. D. “An AES Depth Profiling Study of the Deposits formed on Aluminium During the Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Test” Surface and Interface Analysis, 9 507 1986
- Mayo, F. R. Lan, B. Y. “Gum and Deposit Formation from Jet Turbine and Diesel Fuels at 130°C# Ind Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 25 2 333 1986
- Tseregounis, S. I. “Depth Profiles of Thin Deposit Films from Oxidized Gasoline on Steel Surfaces as Determined by ESCA” General Motors Research Laboratories Research Report No. FL-689 1987
- “DS100 Surface Analysis Data System, Users Reference Guide” A software code by LEYBOLD-HERAEUS Gmbh, Dep. ANE 6, Bonner Strasse 498 Federal Republic of Germany
- Wagner, C. D. Davis, L. E. Zelier, M. V. Taylor, J. A. Raymond, R. H. Gale, L. H. “Empirical Atomic Sensitivity Factors for Quantitative Analysis by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis” Surface and Interface Analysis, 3 5 211 1981
- Noller, H. G. Polaschegg, H. D. Schillalies, H. “A Step Towards Quantitative Electron Spectroscopy Measurements by Improved Electron Optics” J. of Elec. Spect. and Rel. Phenom., 5 705 1974
- Briggs, D. Seah, M. P. PRACTICAL SURFACE ANALYSIS by Auger and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, John Willey & Sons New York 1983
- Proctor, A. Sherwood, P. M. A. “Smoothing of Digital X-ray Photoelectron Spectra by an Extended Sliding Least-Squares Approach” Anal. Chem., 52 2315 1980
- Wagner, C. D. Riggs, W. M. Davis, L. E. Moulder J. F. HANDBOOK OF X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY, Muilenberg, J. F. Perkin-Elmer Corporation Physical Electronics Division Eden Prairie, MN 1979
- McIntyre, N. S. Zetaruk, D. G. “X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Iron Oxides” Anal. Chemistry, 49 11 1521 1977
- Asami, K. Hashimoto, K. “An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Surface Treatments of Stainless Steels” Corrosion Science, 19 1007 1979
- Coad, J. P. Cunningham, J. G. “Analysis Profiles of Oxide Films on Chrome Steels by Auger Emission and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopies” J. of Elec. Spec. and Rel. Phenom., 3 435 1974
- Hofmann. S. “Quantitative Depth Profiling in Surface Analysis: A Review” Surface and Interface Analysis, 2 4 148 1980
- Lindberg, B. J. Hamrin, K. Johansson, G. Gelius, U. Fahlman, A. Nordling, C. Siegbahn, K. “Molecular Spectroscopy by Means of ESCA. II. Sulfur Compounds. Correlation of Electron Binding Energy with Structure” Physica Scripta, 1 286 1970
- Covttch, M. J. Gundic, D. T. Graf, R. T. “Microstructure of Carbonaceous Diesel Piston Deposits” Lubrication Engineering, 44 2 128 1988
- Tseregounis. S. Spearot, J. A. Kite, D. J. “Formation of Deposits from Thin Films of Mineral Oil Base Stocks on Cast Iron” I&EC Research, 26 886 1987
- Sheldon, R. A. Kochi, J. K. Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations of Organic Compounds Academic Press New York 1981