This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
The Viscous Criterion - Bases and Applications of an Injury Severity Index for Soft Tissues
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The discovery of the mechanism of impact-induced soft tissue injury has led to our introduction of a Viscous Injury Criterion, which predicts the severity and the time of occurrence of soft tissue injury induced by impact when other criteria have failed. Human tolerance has been defined by the Viscous response, [VC], a time function generated by the instantaneous product of velocity of deformation [V(t)] and amount of compression [C(t)] of the body. [VC]max = 1.0 m/s corresponds experimentally to a 25% chance of sustaining severe thoracic injury (AIS ≥ 4) in a blunt frontal impact. A similar level of risk for critical abdominal injury (AIS ≥ 5) in a blunt frontal impact is [VC]max = 1.2 m/s. However, human tolerance is defined more completely by the probability function of injury risk versus [VC]max. The Viscous response can be evaluated in the Hybrid III anthropomorphic dummy by a straightforward analysis of the chest deflection data. The viscous Criterion assesses the risk of soft tissue injury by a rate-dependent viscous injury mechanism, and it supplements the Compression Criterion which assesses injury risk by a crushing mechanism.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Lau, I. and Viano, D., "The Viscous Criterion - Bases and Applications of an Injury Severity Index for Soft Tissues," SAE Technical Paper 861882, 1986, https://doi.org/10.4271/861882.Also In
References
- Stapp J.P. Voluntary Human Tolerance Levels. Impact Injury and Crash Protection Gurdjian E.S. Lange W.A. Patrick L.M. Thomas L.M. Charles C. Thomas Springfield, Illinois 308 349 1970
- Eiband A.M. Human Tolerance to Rapidly Applied Acceleration: A Survey of the Literature. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC. 1959
- Lau I.V. Horsch J.D. Viano D.C. Andrzejak D.V. Mechanism of Liver Injury by Steering Wheel Loading. J. Trauma 1986
- Lobdell T.F. Impact Response of the Human Thorax Proceedings of the Symposium, Human Impact Response Measurement and Simulation, New York-London Plenum Press 201 245 1972
- Patrick L.M. Kroell C.K. Mertz H.J. Forces on the Human Body in Simulated Crashes Proceedings of the Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference 237 260 1965 University of Minnesota
- Gadd C.W. Patrick L.M. Systems versus Laboratory Impact Tests for Estimating Injury Hazard. SAE paper 680053 Society of Automotive Engineers New York 1968
- Patrick L.M. Mertz H.J. Kroell C.K. Cadaver Knee, Chest and Head Impact Loads. Eleventh Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings Society of Automotive Engineers New York 168 182 1969
- Occupant Crash Interaction with the Steering System, 1982 International Congress and Exposition. Viano D.C. Kahane C.J. “Evaluation of Current Energy-Absorbing Steering Assemblies,” SAE Paper 820473 Horsch J.D. Petersen K. Viano D.C. “Laboratory Study of Factors Influencing the Performance of Energy Absorbing Steering Systems,” SAE Paper 820475 Hess R.L. Weber K. Melvin J “Review of Research on Thoracic Impact Tolerance and Injury Criteria Related to Occupant Protection,” SAE Paper 820480
- Kroell C.K. Schneider D.C. Nahum A.M. Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax. Fifteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA. 1972
- Kroell C.K. Schneider D.C. Nahum A.M. Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax II. Eighteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. 1981
- Nahum A.M. Schneider D.C. Kroell C.K. Cadaver Skeletal Response to Blunt Thoracic Impact. Nineteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference , SAE paper 751150 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. 1975
- Neathery R.F. An Analysis of Chest Impact Response Data and Scaled Performance Recommendations. Eighteenth Stapp Car Crash Conderence Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers Paper No 741188 Warrendale, PA. 459 493 1974
- Viano D.C. Thoracic Injury Potential. Proceedings of the International Research Committee on the Biokinetics of Impact, Lyon, France 1978
- Neathery R.F. Kroell C.K. Mertz H.J. Prediction of Thoracic Injury From Dummy Responses. Nineteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 751151 Warrendale, PA. 195 316 1975
- Foster J.K. Kortge J.O. Wolanin M.J. Hybrid III - a Biomechanically-Based Crash Test Dummy. Twenty-first Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 770938 Warrendale, PA 1977
- Horsch J.D. Viano D.C. Influence of the Surrogate in Laboratory Evaluation of Energy-Absorbing Steering System. Twenty-Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference, Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. 1984
- Lau I.V. Viano D.C. Influence of Impact Velocity on the Severity of Nonpenetrating Hepatic Injury. J. Trauma 21 115 123 1981
- Lau I.V. Viano D.C. Influence of Impact Velocity and Chest Compression on Experimental Pulmonary Injury Severity in an Animal Model. J. Trauma 21 1022 1028 1981
- Kroell C.K. Pope M.E. Viano D.C. Interrelationship of Velocity and Chest Compression in Blunt Thoracic Impact. Twenty-Fifth Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA. 1981
- Rouhana S.W. Lau I.V. Ridella S.A. Influence of Velocity and Forced Compression on the Severity of Abdominal Injury in Blunt, Nonpenetrating Lateral Impact. J. Trauma 25 490 500 1984
- Viano D.C. Artinian C.G. Myocardial Conducting System Dysffunctions from Thoracic Impact. J. Trauma 18 452 459 1978
- Stein P.D. Sabbah H.N. Viano D.C. Vostal J.J. Response of the Heart to Nonpenetrating Cardiac Trauma. J. Trauma 22 364 373 1982
- Lau I.V. Viano D.C. Doty D.B. Exper-imental Cardiac Trauma - Ballistics of a Captive Bolt Pistol. J. Trauma 21 39 41 1981
- Viano D.C. Lau I.V. Role of Impact Velocity and Chest Compression in Thoracic injury. Avia. Space Environ. Med. 54 16 21 1983
- Viano D.C. Lau I.V. Thoracic Impact: A Viscous Tolerance Criterion. Proceedings of the Tenth Experimental Safety Vehicle Conference, Oxford, England 1985
- Horsch J.D. Lau I.V. Viano D.C. Andrzejak D.V. Mechanism of Abdominal Injury by Steering Wheel Loading. Proceedings of Twenty-ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference . SAE paper 851724 1985
- Lau I.V. Viano D.C. An Experimental Study on Hepatic Injury from Belt-Restraint Loading. Aviat. Space Environ. Med. 52 611 617 1981
- Jonsson A., Clemedson C.J. Sundquist A.B. Arvebo E. Dynamic Factors Influencing the Production of Lung Injury in Rabbits Subjected to Blunt Chest Wall Impact. Avia. Space Environ. Med., 50 325 337 1979
- The Abbreviated Injury Scale - American Association for Automotive Medicine 1980
- Barancik J.I. Chatterjee B.F. Chatterjee B.F. et al Motor Vehicle Trauma in Northeastern Ohio. I: Incidence and Outcome by Age, Sex, and Road-Use Category. Am. J. Epidemiol 123 846 861 1986
- Kroell C.K. Allen S.D., et al. Interrelationship of Velocity and Chest Compression in Blunt Thoracic Impact to Swine II. Thirtieth Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. 1986
- Eppinger R.H. Marcus J.H. Morgan R.M. Development of Dummy and Injury Index for NHTSA's Thoracic Side Impact Protection Research Program. SAE paper 840885 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. 1984
- Park S. Relative Risk of Driver and Right Front Passenger Injury in Frontal Crashes. GMR Publication 4802 1984
- Rouhana S.W. Ridella S.A. Viano D.C. The Effects of limiting Impact Force on Abdominal Injury: A Preliminary Study. Thirtieth Stapp Car Crash Conference Proceedings, Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. 1986
- Stalnaker R.L. Ulman M.S. Abdominal Trauma - Review, Response, and Criteria. Proceedings of Twenty-ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference . SAE paper 851720 1985
- Mooney M.T. Collins J.A. Abdominal Penetration Measurement Insert for the Hybrid III dummy. SAE paper 860653 Society of Automotive Engineers Warrendale, PA. 1986