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Vehicle Onboard Control of Refueling Emissions — System Demonstration on a 1985 Vehicle
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Abstract
Two technologies for controlling vehicle refueling emissions have been under consideration by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. They are vehicle onboard systems and Stage II service station vapor recovery. A 1978 program showed that onboard systems are very effective in controlling refueling emissions with no significant effect on exhaust emissions. The work reported herein shows that vehicle onboard technology can be applied equally well to a car meeting more stringent 1985 exhaust and evaporative emission standards with the latest engine and emission control technology. This work also shows that a vehicle onboard refueling control system can provide substantially improved control of evaporative emissions. Refueling emissions were controlled with 98+% efficiency in tests with 9-to 11.5-psi RVP fuel at 88°F, using a procedure proposed by EPA for possible use in certification testing of vehicle onboard systems. Evaporative emissions were controlled to the extent that the present 2.0 g/test standard prescribed for 9-psi RVP certification fuel was met with an 11.5-psi RVP fuel, typical of commercial gasoline. The refueling control canister can be purged faster than necessary to restore its capacity in the current EPA draft procedure and without any significant effect on exhaust emissions or driveability. The system is simple in design and construction and should be readily adaptable to current automotive production methods and materials.
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Citation
Koehl, W., Lloyd, D., and McCabe, L., "Vehicle Onboard Control of Refueling Emissions — System Demonstration on a 1985 Vehicle," SAE Technical Paper 861551, 1986, https://doi.org/10.4271/861551.Also In
References
- On-board Control of Vehicle Refueling Emissions, Demonstration of Feasibility Publication No. 4306 American Petroleum Institute October 1978
- Gilson D. F. Stage II Vapor Recovery, Paper 85-37.2 Air Pollution Control Association Annual Meeting Detroit, MI June 1985
- Cost Comparison for Stage II and On-board Control of Refueling Emissions American Petroleum Institute January 1984
- Evaluation of Air Pollution Regulatory Strategies for Gasoline Marketing Industry EPA-450/3-84-012a U. S. Environmental Protection Agency July 1984
- Code of Federal Regulations, Part 86 Federal Register 24, 124 June 28 1977
- Onboard Control of Refueling Emissions, Test Procedure Development and Preliminary Baseline Test Results Workshop, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency October 17, 1984
- Recent Developments in EPA's Program to Evaluate Onboard Control of Refueling Emissions U. S. EPA/API Briefing February 4 1985
- Draft Recommended Test Procedure for the Measurement of Refueling Emissions Technical Report, EPA-AA-SDSB-85-5 U. S. Environmental Protection Agency July 1985
- Effects of Fuel Volatility on Driveability of 1980 Model Cars at Low and Intermediate Ambient Temperature CRC Report #524 CRC Atlanta, GA 30346 March 1982