The Roles of Astronauts and Machines for Future Space Operations

The capabilities of remotely-operated telepresence systems for performing space operations are compared to direct human involvement via extravehicular activity (EVA). The varied roles of these approaches for future space missions are addressed, both individually and in combination.

On-orbit activities are the basis for establishing typical tasks that will be required. These activities include servicing and construction operations on a manned space station, unmanned platforms, and other satellites. Techniques and concepts for accomplishing these tasks by means of EVA and remote systems are presented.

Remotely operated systems controlled from the space station, with and without significant time delays, have been considered. Advantages and disadvantages of potential concepts are discussed. Laboratory testing and simulation of representative concepts of the remote systems and task performance by astronauts are discussed. Recommendations for future work leading to operational systems including additional development activities are also presented.