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Synthetic Lubricants for Passenger Car Diesel Engines
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Abstract
Synthesized passenger car engine oils have shown a wide range of performance benefits in automotive gasoline engines. These oils also satisfy the additional demands of small diesel engines used in passenger cars and light-duty vehicles. This includes the severe requirements of turbocharged passenger car diesel engines. Excellent high-temperature deposit control, wear protection and fuel economy are documented for synthetic engine oils in U.S. and European diesel engine dynamometer, chassis rolls and fleet tests operated under severe conditions. Many of the field tests were conducted with greatly extended oil drain intervals, further stressing oil quality. Test results support the outstanding passenger car diesel engine lubrication capability for optimized synthetic engine oil formulations.
The performance advantages of synthetic automotive lubricants in gasoline engines have been well documented (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)*. These benefits included outstanding engine cleanliness and wear protection, superior cold-starting and fuel economy, excellent high-temperature stability and quality reserve for continued performance and protection under the most severe operating conditions and greatly extended service intervals. These same benefits for synthetic engine oils are also available for the small diesel engines in passenger cars and light-duty trucks.
The passenger car diesel engine, although a small segment of the total vehicle population, has become increasingly important in terms of oil quality, particularly with the introduction of turbocharged models.
*Numbers in parentheses designate references
The engine builder's lubricant performance recommendations for passenger car dieselengines require at least API CC and preferably API CD quality, often in conjunction with API SF (or SE) gasoline performance. In many cases, the engine manufacturers have established even more severe requirements for passenger car diesels, such as the Volkswagen 505.00 specification and European engine builder CCMC provisional PD-1 category(9).
The work described in this paper documents the outstanding performance of synthetic engine oils in passenger car diesel engines. The data presented covers two viscosity grades, SAE 5W-30 and SAE 5W-50. Both of these formulations are optimized to take full advantage of the use of synthesized base stocks and to provide the maximum performance benefits in all passenger car engines.
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Lohuis, J. and Harlow, A., "Synthetic Lubricants for Passenger Car Diesel Engines," SAE Technical Paper 850564, 1985, https://doi.org/10.4271/850564.Also In
References
- Richman W.H. Keller J.A. “An Engine Oil Formulated for Optimized Engine Performance,” SAE Paper No. 750376 presented at SAE Automotive Engineering Congress and Exhibition Detroit, Michigan February 1975
- Goldmann C.E. “A Synthesized Engine Oil Providing Fuel Economy Benefits,” SAE Paper No. 760854 presented at SAE Off-Highway Meeting Milwaukee, Wisconsin September 1976
- Krulish J.A.C. Lowther H.V. Miller B.J. “An Update on Synthesized Engine Oil Technology,” SAE Paper No, 770634 presented at SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting Tulsa, Oklahoma June 1977
- Barton D.B. Murphy J.A. Gardner K.W. “Synthetic Lubricants Provide Exceptional Extended Drain Passenger Car Performance,” SAE Paper No. 780951 presented at SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting Toronto, Canada November 1978
- Keller J.A. Lowther H.V. Rogers T.W. “Lubricant Performance in Passenger Car Turbochargers,” SAE Paper No. 810016 presented at SAE International Congress and Exposition Detroit, Michigan February 1981
- Harlow A.J. Lohuis J.R. Weiser H.G. Ciardiello U. “The Advantages of Synthesized Engine Oils in Preventing Deposits in Passenger Car Engines,” presented at CEC International Symposium Rome, Italy June 1981
- Barton D.B. Lowther H.V. Rogers T.W. “Advantages of Synthetic Automotive Engine Lubricants,” SAE Paper No. 811413 presented at SAE International Pacific Congress Honolulu, Hawaii November 1981
- Lowther H.V. Maxwell W.L. Rogers T.W. “Improving the Fuel-Saving Benefits of Synthetic Engine Oils,” SAE Paper No. 830166 presented at SAE International Congress and Exposition Detroit, Michigan March 1983
- Steinke R. et al “European Developments in Diesel Performance Standards,” SAE Paper No. 831751 presented at SAE fuels and Lubricants Meeting San Francisco, California November 1983
- Data from Ward's Automotive Report