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Fuel Influences on Diesel Particulate
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Abstract
Diesel particulate emissions were collected from five 1979 through 1983 light-duty vehicles. All vehicles were fueled with a No. 2 reference fuel; and one vehicle was also fueled with 25% blends of SRC-II, SRC-II plus cetane improver and high aromatic fuel mixed with the reference fuel, and a reference fuel resulting in 10 fuel-vehicle combinations. The later reference fuel-vehicle test was designed to be a repeat emission test of an earlier test to demonstrate the repeatability of the particulate collection and sample processing of duplicate vehicle samples.
The particulate-laden filters were extracted with methylene chloride, and selected filters were subsequently extracted with an azeotropic mixture of toluene: ethanol. The extracts were chromatographically separated into three fractions, and one fraction was subdivided into six additional fractions. All fractions were Ames-tested using TA-98 without addition of S-9. Selected fractions were analyzed for pyrene and benzo (a) pyrene and nitropyrene.
The results of this study show that the mutagenic activity was primarily concentrated in a fraction containing nitro-PAH compounds. The mutagenic activity for this fraction accounted for 42 to 90% of the total sample activity, yet the weight-percent of this fraction ranged from 6 to 13% of the total extract mass. The remaining mutagenic activity was found in three other fractions containing polar compounds.
The mutagenic activity in the particulate extracts from a vehicle fueled with the SRC-II and high aromatic fuel blends was 30 to 50% higher than particulate extracts using the reference fuel. Also, the mutagenic activity was significantly lower in the extracts using the jet fuel.
Authors
Citation
Seizinger, D., Marshall, W., and Brooks, A., "Fuel Influences on Diesel Particulate," SAE Technical Paper 850546, 1985, https://doi.org/10.4271/850546.Also In
References
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