This content is not included in your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions from Operation on Crude and Minimally-Processed Shale Oils
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Three crude shale oils were chosen from six candidates to investigate their possible use as substitutes for No. 2 diesel fuel. Satisfactory hot engine operation was achieved on the crudes using a fuel heating system, allowing emissions characterization during transient and steady-state operation. Regulated gaseous emissions changed little with the crudes compared to diesel fuel; but total particulate and soluble organics increased, and larger injector tip deposits and piston crown erosion were observed. After engine rebuild, two minimally-processed shale oils were run without the fuel heating system, causing no engine problems. Most emissions were higher than for No. 2 fuel using an SO percent distillate of crude shale oil, but lower using a hydrotreated form of the distillate.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Ullman, T., Hare, C., and Harvey, C., "Heavy-Duty Diesel Emissions from Operation on Crude and Minimally-Processed Shale Oils," SAE Technical Paper 850270, 1985, https://doi.org/10.4271/850270.Also In
Number:V94-85; Published:1986-09-01
References
- Ullman, T.L., Hare, C.T., and Harvey, C.A., “Emissions. Characterization of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck Engine Operated on Crude and Minimally-Processed Shale Oils,” Draft Final Report prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68-03-3192, 1985.
- Baughman, G.L., “Synthetic Fuels Data Handbook,” Second Edition by Cameron Engineers, Inc., 1978.
- “Identification of Probable Automotive Fuels Composition: 1985-2000,” Report prepared by the Southwest Research Institute with the Assistance of the Standard Oil Company, The SOHIO Petroleum Company and Cameron Engineers for the U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. EY-76-C-04-3684, May 1978.
- Sullivan, R.F., “Distillate Fuels from Green River Oil Shale,” SAE Paper 820960 presented at the West Coast International Meeting, San Francisco, California, August 16-19, 1982.
- “Oil Shale Projects,” United States Department of Energy, April 1981.
- Duir, J.H., Griswold, C.F., and Christolini, B.A., “Oil Shale Retorting Technology,” Chemical Engineering Progress, Union Oil Co., Brea, California, February 1983.
- Jones, K.B., “Boiling Point Distribution of Lubricants and Fluids by Gas Chromatography,” prepared by the U.S. Army Fuels and Lubricants Research Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute, June 1978.
- Owens, E.C., Frame, E.A., “Direct Utilization of Crude Oils as Fuels in U.S. Army Diesel Engines,” Interim Report prepared by U.S. Army Fuels and Lubricants Research Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute, June 1975.
- Frame, E.A., “Direct Utilization of Crude Oil as Fuel in the U.S. rmy 6B531 Diesel Engine,” Interim Report prepared by the U.S. Army Fuels and Lubricants Research Laboratory, Southwest Research institute, June 1978.
- “Emergency Fuels Utilization Guidebook,” Report prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. AC01-78CS54269, August 1980.
- Federal Register, “Gaseous Emission Regulations for 1984 and Later Model Year Heavy-Duty Engines,” Part II, Vol. 45, No. 14, January 21, 1980.
- Federal Register, “Heavy-Duty Engines for 1979 and Later Model Years,” Part III, Certification and Test Procedures, Vol. 42, No. 174, September 8, 1977.
- Smith, L.R., et al, “Analytical Procedures for Characterizing Unregulated Emissions from Vehicles Using Middle-Distillate Fuels,” Interim Report, Contract No. 68-02-2497, Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, April 1980.
- Harris, S.J., “The Logical Suspect,” article from Automotive Engineering, pp. 15-17, April 1984.
- Lipari, F., and Swarin, S.J., “Determination of Formaldehyde and Other Aldehydes in Automobile Exhaust With an Improved 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine Method,” Journal of Chromatography, 247, pp. 297-306, 1982.
- Levins, P.L., and Kendall, D.A., “Application of Odor- Technology to Mobile Source Emission Instrumentation,” CRC Project CAPE 7-68 under Contract No. 68-03-0561, September 1973.
- Federal Register, “Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles and New Motor Vehicle Engines; Particulate Regulation for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine,” Proposed rules Part III, Vol. 46, No. 4, January 7, 1981.
- SwRI derivation of method developed by IIT Research Institute for CRC-APRAC CAPI-1-64 Chemical Characterization Panel.
- Private communication between Lawrence Smith, SwRI and S. Tejada, EPA-RTP.
- Maron, D.M., Ames, B.N., “Revised Methods for the Salmonella Mutagenicity Test,” Mutation Research, 113, pp. 173-215, 1983.
- “Proceedings of Topical Review on Mobility Fuels Technology,” Volume II, Naval Research Laboratory, Working Group Selected Presentations, Feb. 15-17, 1983.
- Patterson, D.J., Henein, N.A., “Emissions from Combustion Engines and Their Control,” Ann Arbor Science Publishing Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, pp 280, 1972.