Emissions Characterization of Diesel Forklift Engines

This paper presents results of research conducted to characterize exhaust emissions for diesel engines typically used in forklift operation. Emissions characterization involved three fuels (MIL-F-46162A(MR), MIL-F-46162B(ME), and EPA DF-2 Phillips Reference Fuel) and four engines, tested under a variety of steady-state conditions. Gaseous, particulate and unregulated emissions were included in the emissions characterization. Unregulated emissions included sulfur dioxide, sulfate, aldehydes, organic sulfides, odor, phenols, and nitroaromatics. In addition, selected engine malfunctions were evaluated to determine the effect on emissions. Results of this study, actual ambient measurements during diesel forklift operation in storage igloos and modeling studies will allow the U. S. Army to determine emission limits for diesel vehicles intended for use in enclosed areas.