This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Interrelationship of Velocity and Chest Compression in Blunt Thoracic Impact to Swine
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
As part of a continuing study of thoracic injury resulting from blunt frontal loading, the interrelationship of velocity and chest compression was investigated in a series of animal experiments. Anesthetized male swine were suspended in their natural posture and subjected to midsternal, ventrodorsad impact. Twelve animals were struck at a velocity of 14.5 ± 0.9 m/s and experienced a controlled thoracic compression of either 15, 19, or 24%. Six others were impacted at 9.7 ± 1.3 m/s with a greater mean compression of 27%.
For the 14.5 m/s exposures the severity of trauma increased with increasing compression, ranging from minor to fatal. Injuries included skeletal fractures, pulmonary contusions, and cardiovascular ruptures leading to tamponade and hemothorax. Serious cardiac arrhythmias also occurred, including one case of lethal ventricular fibrillation. The 9.7 m/s exposures produced mainly pulmonary contusion, ranging in severity from moderate to critical. Cardiac arrhythmias occurred but were typically minor. In contrast to the lower compression impacts at 14.5 m/s, there were no rib fractures or cardiovascular ruptures. In general, peak sternal acceleration and applied force correlated with impact velocity but not with normalized compression; and spinal acceleration did not correlate with any parameter.
Overall, the high velocity exposures, produced higher mechanical responses, more severe gross trauma and more serious cardiac arrhythmias despite lower compression levels. The results of this study while reconfirming normalized compression as one correlate of injury, emphasize the importance of loading velocity in determining the overall severity of blunt thoracic impact.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Charles K. Kroell - Biomedical Science Department General Motors Research Laboratories Warren, MI
- Mary E. Pope - Biomedical Science Department General Motors Research Laboratories Warren, MI
- David C. Viano - Biomedical Science Department General Motors Research Laboratories Warren, MI
- Charles Y. Warner - Brigham Young University Provo, UT
- Stanley D. Allen - Utah State University Logan, UT
Citation
Kroell, C., Pope, M., Viano, D., Warner, C. et al., "Interrelationship of Velocity and Chest Compression in Blunt Thoracic Impact to Swine," SAE Technical Paper 811016, 1981, https://doi.org/10.4271/811016.Also In
References
- Patrick L. M. Kroell C. K. Mertz H. J. Jr. “Forces on the Human Body in Simulated Crashes.” Proceedings of the Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference Oct. 20-21 1965 Minneapolis MN: University of Minnesota 1966 237 259
- Kroell C. K. Schneider D. C. Nahum A.M. “Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax II.” Paper 741187, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1974 383 457
- Kroell C. K. “Thoracic Response to Blunt Frontal Loading.” Publication P-67, The Human Thorax - Anatomy, Injury, and Biomechanics Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1976 49 77
- Neathery R. F. Kroell C. K. Mertz H. J. “Prediction of Thoracic Injury from Dummy Responses.” Paper 751151, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1975 295 316
- Viano D. C. “Thoracic Injury Potential.” Proceedings of the 1978 International Conference on the Biokinetics of Impact (IRCOBI) Sept. 1978
- Jonsson A. Clemedson C. J. Sundquist A. B. Arvebo E. “Dynamic Factors Influencing the Production of Lung Injury in Rabbits Subjected to Blunt Chest Wall Impact.” Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 50 4 April 1979 325 337
- Viano D. C. Artinian C. G. “Myocardial Conducting System Dysfunctions from Thoracic Impact.” J. Trauma 18 6 1978 452 459
- Kroell C. K. “A Simple, Efficient, One Shot Energy Absorber.” Bulletin #30, Shock Vibration and Association Environments, Part III Feb. 1962 331 338
- Pope M. E. Kroell C. K. Viano D. C. Warner C. Y. Allen S. D. “Postural Influences on Thoracic Impact.” Paper791028, Proceedings of the Twenty-third Stapp Car Crash Conference Warrendale, PA Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1979 767 795
- Life J. S. Pince B. W. “Response of the Canine Heart to Thoracic Impact During Ventricular Diastole and Systole.” J. Biomechanics 1 3 Aug. 1968 169 173
- Greendyke R. M. “Traumatic Rupture of Aorta: Special Reference to Automobile Accidents,” J. American Medical Association 195 7 Feb. 1966 119 122
- Zehnder M. A. “Accident Mechanism and Accident Mechanics of the Aortic Rupture in the Closed Thorax,” Thoraxchirugie and Vasculaere Chirurgie 8 1960