Large Buses and the Townobile Electric City Transit System

Internal Combustion and Electric Buses have been in service world wide since 1913, and new circumstances and developments guarantee the expanding use of electrics on environmental, energy and economic grounds in the future. Present large Battery and Trolley Buses in Germany, Switzerland, Britain, Japan, North America and Australia are reviewed as to function, design and operational experience, and compared with diesel buses, trams and fixed rail city public transport. The Townobile Battery, Dual-mode and Trolley Systems can provide fixed rail system benefits at surface level, with much reduced capital and operating costs, and inherent flexibility to meet changing travel needs.