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Impact Response and Tolerance of the Lower Extremities
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English
Abstract
This paper presents the results of direct impact tests and driving point impedance tests on the legs of seated unembalmed human cadavers. Variables studied in the program included impactor energy and impact direction (axial and oblique). Multiple strain gage rosettes were applied to the bone to determine the strain distribution in the bone.
The test results indicate that the unembalmed skeletal system of the lower extremities is capable of carrying significantly greater loads than those determined in tests with embalmed subjects (the only similar data reported in the present literature). The strain analysis indicated that significant bending moments are generated in the femur with axial knee impact. The results of the impedance tests are used to characterize the load transmission behavior of the knee-femur-pelvis complex, and the impact test results are combined with this information to produce suggested response characteristics for dummy simulation of knee impact response.
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Authors
- John W. Melvin - Biomechanics Department, Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
- Richard L. Stalnaker - Biomechanics Department, Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
- Nabih M. Alem - Biomechanics Department, Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
- Joseph B. Benson - Biomechanics Department, Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
- Dinesh Mohan - Biomechanics Department, Highway Safety Research Institute, The University of Michigan
Citation
Melvin, J., Stalnaker, R., Alem, N., Benson, J. et al., "Impact Response and Tolerance of the Lower Extremities," SAE Technical Paper 751159, 1975, https://doi.org/10.4271/751159.Also In
References
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- Patrick L. M. Kroell C. K. Mertz H. J. “Forces on the Human Body in Simulated Crashes,” Proceedings of the Ninth Stapp Car Crash Conference 1966
- Patrick L. M. Mertz H. J. Kroell C. K. “Cadaver Knee, Chest and Head Impact Loads,” Proceedings of the Tenth Stapp Car Crash Conference SAE Paper No. 670913 October 1967
- Powell W. R. Advani S. H. Clark R. N. Ojala S. J. Holt D. J. “Investigation of Femur Response to Longitudinal Impact,” Proceedings of the Eighteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference SAE Paper No. 741190 Dec. 1974
- “Collision Performance and Injury Report Long Form, Revision 3,” Milford, Mich. General Motors Proving Ground, Safety Research and Development Laboratory 1969
- University of Michigan, Highway Safety Research Institute Ann Arbor, Mich. “Multidisciplinary Accident Investigation Report Automation,” October 1972
- Melvin J. W. Evans F. G. “Crack Propagation in Bone,” 1973 Biomechanics Symposium AMD 2 ASME June 1973