This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Engine Cooling System of Military Combat/Tactical Vehicles
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Military combat/tactical vehicles, such as tanks, are designed to be deployed and operated constantly in close proximity to the enemy fire. In order to provide sufficient protection for the engine and its vital systems, they are located in an almost completely enclosed and heavily armored compartment ventilated through highly restricted ballistic grilles. The space available for the cooling system in the engine compartment is limited. The heat rejection rate from various sources is high. The cooling air flow path is clumsy; repeated enlargements and reduction of the air flow sectional areas, complemented by possible bending and twisting, are common. The effective cooling air temperature is much higher than that of the ambient. All these factors alone make the cooling system designs of the subject vehicles quite different from that of the commercial vehicles, not to mention the severe military environment within which the cooling system must function properly.
This paper is a presentation of unclassified technical information directly related to the cooling system design of the subject vehicles. Severe military environment and its impact on the cooling system design are discussed. Characteristics of major components, such as ballistic grilles and their air resistance data, are presented. Typical arrangements of air flow path and liquid flow path are described. Basic design methods are discussed. Important references issued by various Army agencies are presented.
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Chiou, J., "Engine Cooling System of Military Combat/Tactical Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 750030, 1975, https://doi.org/10.4271/750030.Also In
References
- “Basic Environmental Concepts,” AMCP 706-115 October 1969
- “Criteria for Environmental Control of Mobile Systems,” AMCP 706-120 September 1971
- “Packaging and Pack Engineering,” AMCP 706-121 March 1972
- “Hydraulic Fluids,” AMCP 706-123 April 1971
- “Design for Air Transport and Airdrop of Materiel,” AMCP 706-130 December 1967
- “Maintainability Guide for Design,” AMCP 706-134 1966
- “The Automotive Assembly,” AMCP 706-355 February 1965
- “Automotive Suspensions,” AMCP 706-356 April 1967
- “Automotive Bodies and Hulls,” AMCP 706-357 April 1970
- “Military Vehicle Electrical Systems,” AMCP 706-360 June 1974
- “Military Vehicle Power Plant Cooling,” AMCP 706-361
- “Criteria for Air-Portability and Air-Drop of Materiel,” AR 705-35 October 1967
- “Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation of Materiel for Extreme Climatic Conditions,” AR 70-38 May 1969
- “Army Materiel Reliability and Maintainability,” AR 702-3 March 1973
- “Climatic Extremes for Military Equipment,” MIL-STD-210 November 1958
- “Environmental Test Methods,” MIL-STD-810B June 1967
- “Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities,” MIL-STD-1472 May 1970
- “Antifreeze, Arctic type,” MIL-A-11755B September 1967
- “Lubricating Oil,” MIL-L-2104C November 1970
- “Hydraulic Fluid,” MIL-H-5606C September 1971
- “Cooler, Oil, Transmission and Engine,” MIL-C-45085B(AT) May 1968
- “Caps, Radiator: Pressure Relieving,” MIL-C-45167A March 1962
- “Human Engineering Requirements for Military System, Equipment and Facilities,” MIL-H-46855 February 1968
- “Radiators, Engine Cooling, Military,” ATPD-2043, (Purchase Description. Modification and Change to Military Specification is in progress.) October 1970
- “Cooling Systems: Tactical Vehicles,” TM 750-254 March 1972
- “Use of Antifreeze Solutions and Cleaning compounds in Engine Cooling Systems,” TB 750-651 January 1971
- “Coolant Evaluation-Water vs. Antifreeze Comparison Tested Using Code. E-194 Engine and T-65 Transmission in T-95 Mock Up Hull,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Propulsion System Laboratory Report No. 9752 September 1967
- “Air Flow Test of Code G-15 and G-16 Experimental Inlet Grilles,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Power Plant Laboratory Report No. 3203 February 1955
- “Air Flow characteristics of various wood Model Grille Assemblies,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Power Plant Laboratory Report No. 3837 February 1957
- “Air Flow Test of Code G-36 through G-49 Experimental Grille Assemblies,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Power Plant Laboratory Report No. 4840 July 1960
- “Air Flow Tests of Code G-17 and Code G-50 through G-54, Grille Assemblies,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Power Plant Laboratory Report No. 5033 May 1961
- “Air Flow Tests of Code G-55 through G-64 Grille Assemblies,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Power Plant Laboratory Report No. 7619 October 1962
- “Air Flow Tests of Code G-65 and G-66 Grille Assemblies,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Power Plant Laboratory Report No. 7827 March 1963
- “Air Flow Test of MBT-70 Top Grille Assembly,” U.S. Army Tank-Automotive Command Vehicular Components and Materials Laboratory Report No. 10574 June 1969
- “Antifreeze, Ethylene Glycol, Inhibited,” Interim Federal Specification July 1968
- “M113 Air resistance of mockup air grilles,” Food Machinery and Chemical Corp. Ordnance Division Report ORD 571 April 1960
- “Airflow characteristics of power plant cooling system mockup,” Food Machinery Corp. Ordnance Division Technical Report 2544 May 1973
- “An Evaluation of engine cooling fan performance-M551 Vehicle,” General Motors Corp. Allision Division, Cleveland Army Tank-Automotive Plant Test and Development Department 620 Test Report No. 3649 May 1970
- “Cooling of Detroit Diesel Engines,” General Motors Corp. Detroit Diesel Engine Division Engineering Bulletin 28 May 1967
- “Engineering Know-How in Engine Design-Part 15,” SAE Publication SP-292 1967
- SAE Aerospace Applied Thermodynamics Manual 1969
- Kreiger R. B. Borman G. L. “The Computation of Apparent Heat Release for Internal Combustion Engines.” ASME paper 66-WA/DPG-4 1967
- Beard R. A. Smith G. J. “A Method of Calculating the Heat Dissipation from Radiators to Cool Vehicle Engines.” SAE paper 710208 1971
- Cool N. A. “Economic Factors in Radiator Selection.” SAE paper 720714 1972
- Oguri T. Inaba S. “Radiant Heat Transfer in Diesel Engines.” SAE paper 720023 1972
- Sitkei G. Ramanaiah G. V. “A Rational Approach for Calculation of Heat Transfer in Diesel Engines.” SAE paper 720027 1972
- Woschni G. Anisits F. “Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Presentation of Rate of Heat Release in Diesel Engines Dependent Upon Engine Operating Conditions.” SAE paper 740086 1974
- Tenkel F. G. “Computer Simulation of Automotive Cooling Systems.” SAE paper 740087 1974
- Emmenthal K. D. Hucho W. H. “A Rational Approach to Automotive Radiator Systems Design.” SAE paper 740088 1974
- Robertson J. M. Wislicenus G. F. “Cavitation State of Knowledge.” ASME 1969
- American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers Handbook of Fundamentals 1972
- SAE Handbook 1974
- Turbular Exchanger Manufacturers Assn. Standard 5th 1968
- Air Moving and Conditioning Asso. Test code for air moving devices AMCA Standard 210-67 1967
- Kern D. Q. “Process Heat Transfer,” New York McGraw 1950
- Kays W. London A. L. “Compact Heat Exchangers,” 2nd New York McGraw 1964
- Fraas A. P. Ozisik M. N. “Heat Exchanger Design,” New York Wiley 1965
- Kern D. Q. Kraus A. D. “Extended Surface Heat Transfer,” New York McGraw 1972
- Holman J. P. “Heat Transfer,” 3rd New York McGraw 1972
- Kreith F. “Principles of Heat Transfer,” 3rd Intext. New York 1973
- Rohsenow W. M. Hartnett J. P. “Handbook of Heat Transfer,” New York McGraw 1973
- Chapman A. J. “Heat Transfer,” 3rd New York MacMillan 1974
- Obert E. F. “Internal Combustion Engines,” 3rd International Textbook Scranton, Pa. 1970
- Jorgensen R. “Fan Engineering,” 7th New York Buffalo Forge Co. 1970
- Eck B. “Fans: Design and Operation of Centrifugal, Axial Flow and Crossflow Fans,” New York, Pergamon 1974
- Aberbach R. J. “Fans. Power.” March 1968
- Kenny R. J. “Fans and Blowers, Machine Design,” March 14 1968
- Pollak R. “Selecting Fans and Blowers, Chemical Engineering,” January 22 1973
- Chiou J. P. “Correction Factors to Unit Core Heat Transfer Capability of Heat Exchanger Core Due to Variation of Tube Length.” SAE Automobile Engineering and Manufacturing Meeting October 1975