This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Side Impact Tolerance to Blunt Trauma
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The object of this research program has been to extend the scope of earlier work to include long-duration head impacts and to develop new scaling relationships to allow extrapolation of impact data from infrahuman primates to living humans.
A series of living primate side impacts to the head and torso was conducted in parallel with a series of impacts to human cadavers. Dimensional analysis techniques were employed to estimate in vivo human tolerance to side injury.
The threshold of closed brain injury to humans was found to be 76 g for a pulse duration of 20 ms and an impact velocity of 43 ft/s (13.2 m/s). The maximum tolerable penetration to the chest was found to be 2.65 in (6.72 cm) for both the left and right sides.
Scaling of abdominal injuries to humans was accomplished by employing a factor that relates impact contact area, animal mass, impact force, and pulse duration to injury severity. The maximum tolerable contact pressure to the upper abdomen of a human was found to be 32 lbf/in2 (220 kPa).
Recommended Content
Authors
Citation
Stalnaker, R., Roberts, V., and McElhaney, J., "Side Impact Tolerance to Blunt Trauma," SAE Technical Paper 730979, 1973, https://doi.org/10.4271/730979.Also In
References
- Greene J. E. “Basic Research In Crashworthiness II-Side Impact Tests of Unmodified Vehicles.” Interim Technical Report, Calspan Corp., Report No. CAL YB-2987-V-9, Contract No. FH-11-7622 February 1973 242
- Miller P. M. “The Crashworthiness of Automobiles.” Scientific American 228 2 February 1973
- Stalnaker, R. L. McElhaney, J. H. Snyder, R. G. Roberts V. L. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria.” U.S. Dept. of Transportation Report No. HS-800-S34 June 1971
- McElhaney, J. H. Stalnaker, R. L. Roberts, V. L. Snyder R. G. “Door Crashworthiness Criteria.” Paper 710864 , Proceedings of Fifteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference 39 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1971
- Stalnaker R. L. “Mechanical Properties of the Head.” West Virginia University 1969
- Stalnaker R. L. Fogle, J. C. McElhaney J. H. “Driving Point Impedence Characteristics of the Head.” ASME Paper No. 70-BHF-14 1970
- Stalnaker R. L. McElhaney J. H. “Head Injury Tolerance for Linear Impacts by Mechanical Impedence Methods.” ASME Paper No. 70-WA/BHF-4 1970
- Stalnaker, R. L. Fogle, J. L. McElhaney J. H. “Driving Point Impedence Characteristics of the Head.” Jrl. Biomechanics 4 2 March 1970 127 139
- Zulch Klaus-Joachim “Medical Causation.” The Late Effects of Head Injury, Ed. Walker Caveness, Critchley, Springfield, III. Charles C Thomas 1969 453 472
- Strich S. J. “The Pathology of Brain Damage Due to Blunt Head Injuries.” The Late Effects of Head Injury, Ed. Walker Caveness, Critchley, Springfield, III. Charles C Thomas 1969 501 526
- Sano, Keiji et al. “Correlative Studies of Dynamics and Pathology in Whip-Lash and Head Injuries.” Scand Jrl. Rehab. Med. 4 1972 47 54
- Gennarelli, T. A. Thibault, L. E. Ommaya A. K. “Pathophysiological Responses to Rotational and Translational Accelerations of the Head.” Paper 720970 , Proceedings of Sixteenth Stapp Car Crash Conference 45 New York Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 1972
- McElhaney, J. H. Fogle, L. L. Melvin, J. W. Haynes, R. R. Roberts, V. L. Alem N. M. “Mechanical Properties of Cranial Bone.” Jrl. Biomechanics 3 5 October 1970 495 511
- Stalnaker, R. L. McElhaney, J. H. Roberts V. L. “Human Torso Response to Blunt Trauma.” Human Impact Response, Ed. William F. King and Harold J. Mertz New York Plenum Press 1973 181 199