This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Fuel Effects on Oxidation Catalysts and Catalyst-Equipped Vehicles
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
The effects of lead and sulfur in gasoline on the activity of two platinum oxidation catalysts have been studied using engine dynamometer units. Under the steady-state conditions used, no poisoning due to sulfur was observed. Prolonged operations with lead up to 0.07 g/gal reduced the hydrocarbon (HC) conversion activity of the catalysts in proportion to time and lead concentration, but did not affect carbon monoxide (CO) conversions. The overall extent of lead poisoning was relatively minor, however. Catalysts exposed to the equivalent of 25,000 miles' operation with a fuel containing 0.07 g of lead/gal still met the original 1975 federal emissions standards of 3.4 g/mile of CO and 0.41 g/mile of HC when tested on an experimental vehicle. Exposure of platinum catalysts to exhaust from 20 gal of fuel containing 0.5 g of lead/gal caused an immediate drop in catalyst activity, but this loss was rapidly recovered when operations continued with a lead-free fuel. Thus, short-term contamination of catalyst-equipped cars with lead may not be the serious problem it was formerly thought to be.
Several 1973 model vehicles have been converted by the addition of experimental oxidation catalyst systems and used to determine the effects of fuel gravity and volatility on emissions and performance. To the extent tested, these catalyst-equipped cars gave driveability and fuel economy at least as good as that demonstrated by the corresponding 1973 vehicles. At an ambient temperature of 70°F, using the 1975 federal test procedure (FTP), fuel volatility and gravity did not significantly affect HC and CO emissions for these systems.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Neal, A., Wigg, E., and Holt, E., "Fuel Effects on Oxidation Catalysts and Catalyst-Equipped Vehicles," SAE Technical Paper 730593, 1973, https://doi.org/10.4271/730593.Also In
References
- Cannon W. A. Welling C. E. “The Application of Vanadia-Alumina Catalysts for the Oxidation of Exhaust Hydrocarbons.” SAE Annual Meeting Detroit January 1959
- Weaver E. E. “Effects of Tetraethyl Lead on Catalyst Life and Efficiency in Customer Type Vehicle Operation.” SAE Transactions 78 1969 paper 690016
- Yarrington R. M. Bambrick W. E. “Deactivation of Automobile Exhaust Control Catalyst.” J. Air Poll. Control Assoc. 20 June 1970 398 401
- Aerospace Corp. “An Assessment of the Effects of Lead Additives in Gasoline on Emission Control Systems which Might be Used to Meet the 1975-76 Motor Vehicle Emission Standards.” Final Report for the EPA Aerospace Report No. TOR-0172(2787)-2 November 1971
- Duffy L. J. Everett N. R. Sevcik J. J. Pielhl F. J. “Keeping the Lead Out of Unleaded Gasolines.” API Mid-Year Meeting New York May 1972
- Gagliardi J. C. Smith C. S. Weaver E. E. “Effects of Fuel and Oil Additives on Catalytic Convertors.” Paper No. 63-72 API Division of Refining Meeting New York May 1972
- Aykan K. Hindin S. G. Kenson R. E. Mooney J. J. “Monolithic Catalysts for Auto Exhaust Control, Progress Report-II.” ACS Meeting Chicago January 1973
- Robbins W. K. “Determination of Lead in Gasoline by Heated Vaporization Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry.” Anal. Chim. Acta 65 2 1973 285 290
- Liederman D. Voltz S. E. Oleck S. M. “Evaluation of CO/Hydrocarbon Oxidation Catalysts for Automotive Emission Control System.” ACS Meeting Dallas April 1973
- Dorling T. A. Moss R. L. “The Structure and Activity of Supported Metal Catalysts, Part I.” J. Catal. 5 1966 111 115
- Miyazaki K. “Microfocused X-ray Diffraction Examination of Pt/Al 2 O 3 Catalysts Before and After Engine Dynamometer Aging.” Catal. J. 28 1973 245 253
- Shelef M. Dalla Betta R. A. Larson J. A. Otto K. Yao H. C. “Poisoning of Monolithic Noble Metal Oxidation Catalysts in Automobile Exhaust Environment.” National AIChE Meeting New Orleans March 1973
- Bond W. M. “Quick-Heat Intake Manifolds for Reducing Cold-Engine Exhaust Emissions.” Paper 720935 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting Tulsa Oct. 31 Nov. 2 1972
- Coordinating Research Council Report No. 439 December 1970
- Clarke P. J. “The Effect of Fuel Volatility on Exhaust Emissions.” Paper 720932 SAE Fuels and Lubricants Meeting Tulsa Oct. 31 Nov. 2 1972
- Wigg E. E. “Fuel-Exhaust Compositional Relationships in Current and Advanced Emission Control Systems.” 37th Midyear Meeting of the American Petroleum Institute's Division of Refining New York May 1972