This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Analytical Evaluation of a Catalytic Converter System
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Performance of packed bed type catalytic converters in controlling hydrocarbon (HC)-carbon monoxide (CO) mass emissions is investigated using a one-dimensional plug flow math model. Converter operation is explained, and the effects that some gas stream conditions and basic parameter values have on converter emission control performance during warmup are evaluated. It is shown that total mass emissions passed by the converter during warmup can be minimized by maintaining gas mass flow and HC-CO concentrations at low values. Converter warmup performance is highly sensitive to changes in bead diameter and catalyst kinetics, but it is relatively insensitive to changes in bed area/length ratio and bed void fraction.
New information is presented dealing with the modeling of platinum kinetics, bead temperature stability, and mass and heat transfer j-factors for packed beds.
Recommended Content
Authors
Topic
Citation
Harned, J., "Analytical Evaluation of a Catalytic Converter System," SAE Technical Paper 720520, 1972, https://doi.org/10.4271/720520.Also In
References
- Schwochert H. W. “Performance of a Catalytic Converter on Nonleaded Fuel.” Paper 690503 SAE Mid-Year Meeting Chicago May 1969
- Kuo J. C. W. Morgan C. R. Lassen H. G. “Mathematical Modeling of CO and HC Catalytic Converter Systems.” SAE Transactions 80 1971 paper 710289
- Liu S. L. Amundson N. R. “Stability of Adiabatic Packed Bed Reactors. An Elementary Treatment.” I & EC Fund. 1 1962 200
- Liu S. L. Aris R. Amundson N. R. “Stability of Nonadiabatic Packed Bed Reactors.” I & EC Fund. 2 1963 12
- Wicke E. “On Steady States of Exothermic Gas Reactions on Porous Catalysts.” Chemie-Ing. - Techn. 29 5 1957 305
- Langmuir I. “The Mechanism of the Catalytic Action of Platinum in the Reactions 2CO + O 2 = 2CO 2 and 2H 2 + O 2 = 2H 2 O.” Trans. Faraday Soc. 17 1922 621
- Gamson B. W. Thodos G. Hougen O. A. “Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer in the Flow of Gases Through Grandular Solids.” Trans. AIChE 39 1943 1
- Wilke C. R. Hougen O. A. “Mass Transfer in the Flow of Gases Through Grandular Solids Extended to Low Modified Reynold Numbers.” Trans. AIChE 41 1945 445
- Carberry J. J. “A Boundary-Layer Model of Fluid-Particle Mass Transfer in Fixed Beds.” AIChE J. 6 1960 460
- DeAcetis J. Thodos G. “Mass and Heat Transfer in Flow of Gases Through Spherical Packings.” Ind. Engng. Chem. 52 1960 1003
- Bradshaw R. D. Bennett C. O. “Fluid-Particle Mass Transfer in a Packed Bed.” AIChE J. 7 1961 48
- Yoshida F. Ramaswami D. Hougen O. A. “Temperatures and Partial Pressures at the Surfaces of Catalyst Particles.” AIChE J. 8 1962 5
- Gupta A. S. Thodos G. “Mass and Heat Transfer in the Flow of Fluids Through Fixed and Fluidized Beds of Spherical Particles.” AIChE J. 8 1962 608
- Petrovic L. J. Thodos G. “Mass Transfer in the Flow of Gases Through Packed Beds.” I & EC Fund. 7 1968 274
- Wilkins G. S. Thodos G. “Mass Transfer Driving Forces in Packed and Fluidized Beds.” AIChE J. 15 1969 47
- Lof G. O. G. Hawley R. W. “Unsteady-State Heat Transfer Between Air and Loose Solids.” Ind. Engng. Chem. 40 1948 1961
- Coppage J. E. London A. L. “Heat Transfer and Flow Friction Characteristics of Porous Media.” Chem. Engng. Prog. 52 1956 57
- Glaser M. B. Thodos G. “Heat and Momentum Transfer in the Flow of Gases Through Packed Beds.” AIChE J. 4 1958 63
- Baumeister E. B. Bennett C. O. “Fluid-Particle Heat Transfer in Packed Beds.” AIChE J. 4 1958 69
- Gliddon B. J. Cranfield R. R. “Gas Particle Heat Transfer Coefficients in Packed Beds at Reynold Numbers Between 2 and 100.” Brit. Chem. Engng. 15 1970 481
- Schumann T. E. W. “Heat Transfer: A Liquid Flowing Through a Porous Prism.” J. Franklin Inst. 208 1929 405
- Kays W. M. London A. L. “Compact Heat Exchangers.” San Francisco McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1955 74 75
- Vardi J. Biller W. F. “Thermal Behavior of an Exhaust Gas Catalytic Converter.” I & EC Proc. Dsgn. Dev. 7 1968 83
- Crank J. Nicolson P. “A Practical Method For Numerical Evaluation of Solutions of Partial Differential Equations of the Heat-Conduction Type.” Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 43 1947 50
- Katz S. GM Res. Lab. 1971
- Taylor K. C. GM Res. Lab. 1971
- Padberg G. Wicke E. “Stable and Unstable Behavior of an Adiabatic Tubular Reactor With the Example of Catalytic CO Oxidation.” Chem. Engng. Sci. 22 1967 1035
- Wagner C. “On the Temperature Adjustment of High Efficiency Catalysts.” 18 314 1945 28
- Klimisch R. L. “Oxidation of CO and Hydrocarbons Over Supported Transition Metal Oxide Catalyst.” GM Research Publication GMR-842 1st Nat'l. Symposium on Heterogeneous Catalysis for Control of Air Pollution Franklin Institute Philadelphia 1968