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Metal Foams as Energy Absorbers for Automobile Bumpers
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Abstract
Evaluations of aluminum foams show they can be efficient energy absorbers. They are especially interesting because they have virtually no rebounding characteristics. The load-compression response characteristics of the foam can be controlled by variations of alloy composition and foam density, thereby controlling foam strength and ductility. This makes foamed metals attractive candidates for a number of automotive energy-absorption applications.
The energy-absorption properties of a number of aluminum alloy foams have been studied under low and medium speed impact, up to 25 mph. The foam density, volume, and size required for a 5 mph “single shot” impact shock absorber have been determined for two automotive weight classes.
Nonshearing, columnar, high-density foam structures have been developed to withstand basal compressive loads. These columns have potential for multi-impact shock-absorbing applications.
Work is currently under way to define foamed aluminum properties and design required for use in bumpers for 50 mph barrier and pole impacts.
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Authors
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Citation
Niebylski, L. and Fanning, R., "Metal Foams as Energy Absorbers for Automobile Bumpers," SAE Technical Paper 720490, 1972, https://doi.org/10.4271/720490.Also In
References
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