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Windshield Optics
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Sector:
Event:
Mid-Year Meeting
Language:
English
Abstract
Some undesirable optical effects that arise from design of windshields-such as double images, distortion, astigmatism, and differential deviation of line of sight-are discussed.
The reasons for, and methods of eliminating, “ghost” images are reviewed. Curvature and tilt angle are principal design parameters available for control of ghost images. Another factor involved in double images is wedge.
Several illustrations show how cylindrically curved auto glass produces astigmatism. Glass parameters which produce astigmatism of 1/4 diopter are rather severe, however.
The amount of differential deviation depends on angle of view, and on curvature, thickness, and refractive index of the glass. It is desirable to minimize differential deviation since it may result in error in making quick assessments of traffic situations.
The author concludes that factors causing undesirable optical effects, as detailed in this paper, are understood, and means of control are under development in order to eliminate them from future glass designs.
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Authors
Citation
Irland, M., "Windshield Optics," SAE Technical Paper 700480, 1970, https://doi.org/10.4271/700480.Also In
References
- “SAE Automotive Safety Glazing Manual” SAE HS J906 March 1965
- McCullough Douglas G. “Recent Advancements in Materials.” Paper 680239 SAE Detroit Section Meeting March 1968
- Widman J. C. “Recent Developments in Penetration Resistance of Windshield Glass.” SAE Transactions 74 1966 paper 650474
- Russell, Parvin M. Jr “Automotive Glass Attachments.” Paper 680486 SAE Mid-Year Meeting Detroit May 1968
- Whittemore Russell G. “Today's and Tomorrow's Automotive Glass.” SAE Transactions 77 1968 paper 650490
- Norton, Eric Jr “Design of Production Windshields with Computer Graphics.” Paper 690193 SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1969
- Watkins George B. “Glass as a Structural Member in Automobile Bodies.” Paper 11R SAE Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1959
- Irland M. J. Lindberg V. L. “Control of Double Images in Automobile Glass.” SAE Transactions 74 1966 paper 650536
- Davson Hugh “The Eye.” 4 New York Academic Press 1962 141 151
- Connolly P. L Devlin W. A. Jr. Marcus K. H. “Design Aspects for Rear Vision in Motor Vehicles.” SAE SP-253 March 1964
- Connolly P. L. “Human and Visual Factor Considerations for the Design of Automotive Periscopic Systems.” SAE Transactions 77 1968 paper 680404