Optimum Size of Headlamps for the European Lower Beam

There are many various forms and sizes of headlamps. It is shown that the surface area of the headlamp is determined by the discomfort glare, that the seeing distance achieved depends upon the horizontal dimension of the headlamp, and, finally, that height and focal distance of the reflector influence the foreground illumination.

By using these determining factors, it is possible to find a headlamp which represents an optimum of the given state of geometrical and optical headlamp technology.